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@ARTICLE{Lhler:1038476,
      author       = {Löhler, Philipp and Albert, Andreas and Erbslöh, Andreas
                      and Nruthyathi, Nruthyathi and Müller, Frank and Seidl,
                      Karsten},
      title        = {{A} {C}ell-{T}ype {S}elective {S}timulation and {R}ecording
                      {S}ystem for {R}etinal {G}anglion {C}ells},
      journal      = {IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1932-4545},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-01472},
      pages        = {498 - 510},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {The authors would like to thank Thaameran Baskaran, Filip
                      Yordanov,AhmedHabeel,MustafaAbdulsattar,andLauraHeyermann
                      for their valuable support.},
      abstract     = {Abstract—Future retinal implants will require a
                      stimulation selectivity between different sub-types of
                      Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) to evoke natural perceptions
                      rather than phosphenes in patients. To achieve this, a
                      cell-type specific stimulation pipeline is required that
                      identifies target RGC sub-types from recorded input images
                      and extracts the specific stimulation parameters to activate
                      this cell-type selectively. Promising biological experiments
                      showed that ON-/OFF- sustained/transient RGCs could be
                      selectively activated by modulating repetition rate and
                      amplitude of an electrical stimulation current in the
                      kilohertz range. This research presents a 42 channel current
                      controlled stimulation and recording system on chip (SoC)
                      with parameter input from a real time target RGC selection
                      algorithm. The SoC is able to stimulate retinal tissue with
                      sinusoidal frequencies higher than 1 kHz at amplitudes of up
                      to 200 µA at a supply voltage of 1.8 V. It also includes
                      tunable recording units with an integrated action potential
                      detection pipelinethatareabletoamplifysignalsbetween 1 Hz
                      and 50 kHz. The required area of one stimulator is 0.0071
                      mm2, while one recording unit consumes an area of 0.0092
                      mm2. The application of sinusoidal stimulation currents in
                      the kilohertz range towards retinal tissue leads to a
                      suppressive response of only certain RGC sub-types that has
                      not been oberved before, using electrical stimulation.
                      Because this response is very similar to the natural light
                      response of RGCs, this stimulation approach can lead to a
                      more genuine visual perception for patients using retinal
                      implants.},
      cin          = {IBI-1},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-1-20200312},
      pnm          = {5243 - Information Processing in Distributed Systems
                      (POF4-524) / GRK 2610 - GRK 2610: Innovative Schnittstellen
                      zur Retina für optimiertes künstliches Sehen -
                      InnoRetVision (424556709)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5243 / G:(GEPRIS)424556709},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1109/TBCAS.2023.3342465},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1038476},
}