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@ARTICLE{Butt:1038551,
      author       = {Butt, Friederike and Locher, David and Brechtelsbauer,
                      Katharina and Büchler, Hans Peter and Müller, Markus},
      title        = {{M}easurement-free, scalable and fault-tolerant universal
                      quantum computing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-01534, arXiv:2410.13568},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {16 pages, 9 figures},
      abstract     = {Reliable execution of large-scale quantum algorithms
                      requires robust underlying operations and this challenge is
                      addressed by quantum error correction (QEC). Most modern QEC
                      protocols rely on measurements and feed-forward operations,
                      which are experimentally demanding, and often slow and prone
                      to high error rates. Additionally, no single
                      error-correcting code intrinsically supports the full set of
                      logical operations required for universal quantum computing,
                      resulting in an increased operational overhead. In this
                      work, we present a complete toolbox for fault-tolerant
                      universal quantum computing without the need for
                      measurements during algorithm execution by combining the
                      strategies of code switching and concatenation. To this end,
                      we develop new fault-tolerant, measurement-free protocols to
                      transfer encoded information between 2D and 3D color codes,
                      which offer complementary and in combination universal sets
                      of robust logical gates. We identify experimentally
                      realistic regimes where these protocols surpass
                      state-of-the-art measurement-based approaches. Moreover, we
                      extend the scheme to higher-distance codes by concatenating
                      the 2D color code with itself and by integrating code
                      switching for operations that lack a natively fault-tolerant
                      implementation. Our measurement-free approach thereby
                      provides a practical and scalable pathway for universal
                      quantum computing on state-of-the-art quantum processors.},
      cin          = {PGI-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-2-20110106},
      pnm          = {5221 - Advanced Solid-State Qubits and Qubit Systems
                      (POF4-522)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      eprint       = {2410.13568},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2410.13568},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2410.13568;\%\%$},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1038551},
}