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001039782 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)142361$$aSuarez, Estela$$b0$$eCorresponding author$$ufzj
001039782 245__ $$aEnergy-aware operation of HPC systems in Germany
001039782 260__ $$aBeijing$$bFrontiers Media SA$$c2025
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001039782 520__ $$aHigh Performance Computing (HPC) systems are among the most energy-intensive scientific facilities, with electric power consumption reaching and often exceeding 20 Megawatts per installation. Unlike other major scientific infrastructures such as particle accelerators or high-intensity light sources, which are few around the world, the number and size of supercomputers are continuously increasing. Even if every new system generation is more energy efficient than the previous one, the overall growth in size of the HPC infrastructure, driven by a rising demand for computational capacity across all scientific disciplines, and especially by Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads, rapidly drives up the energy demand. This challenge is particularly significant for HPC centers in Germany, where high electricity costs, stringent national energy policies, and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability are key factors. This paper describes various state-of-the-art strategies and innovations employed to enhance the energy efficiency of HPC systems within the national context. Case studies from leading German HPC facilities illustrate the implementation of novel heterogeneous hardware architectures, advanced monitoring infrastructures, high-temperature cooling solutions, energy-aware scheduling, and dynamic power management, among other optimisations. By reviewing best practices and ongoing research, this paper aims to share valuable insight with the global HPC community, motivating the pursuit of more sustainable and energy-efficient HPC architectures and operations.
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001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBockelmann, Hendryk$$b1
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)132090$$aEicker, Norbert$$b2
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aEitzinger, Jan$$b3
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)145723$$aEl Sayed Mohamed, Salem$$b4$$ufzj
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)132100$$aFieseler, Thomas$$b5
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFrank, Martin$$b6
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)145804$$aFrech, Peter$$b7
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGiesselmann, Pay$$b8
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHackenberg, Daniel$$b9
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHager, Georg$$b10
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)145478$$aHerten, Andreas$$b11
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aIlsche, Thomas$$b12
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKoller, Bastian$$b13
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLaure, Erwin$$b14
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)132183$$aManzano, Cristina$$b15
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aOeste, Sebastian$$b16
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aOtt, Michael$$b17
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aReuter, Klaus$$b18
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchneider, Ralf$$b19
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)161186$$aThust, Kay$$b20
001039782 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)128756$$avon St. Vieth, Benedikt$$b21
001039782 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)3210045-0$$a10.3389/fhpcp.2025.1520207$$gVol. 3, p. 1520207$$p1520207$$tFrontiers in high performance computing$$v3$$x2813-7337$$y2025
001039782 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1039782/files/fhpcp-1-1520207.pdf$$yOpenAccess
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