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001040397 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41586-025-08663-2
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001040397 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1476-4687
001040397 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.34734/FZJ-2025-01877
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001040397 1001_ $$00000-0001-9190-3229$$aAguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús$$b0$$eCorresponding author
001040397 245__ $$aCanopy functional trait variation across Earth’s tropical forests
001040397 260__ $$aLondon [u.a.]$$bNature Publ. Group$$c2025
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001040397 520__ $$aTropical forest canopies are the biosphere’s most concentrated atmospheric interface for carbon, water and energy. However, in most Earth System Models, the diverse and heterogeneous tropical forest biome is represented as a largely uniform ecosystem with either a singular or a small number of fixed canopy ecophysiological properties. This situation arises, in part, from a lack of understanding about how and why the functional properties of tropical forest canopies vary geographically. Here, by combining field-collected data from more than 1,800 vegetation plots and tree traits with satellite remote-sensing, terrain, climate and soil data, we predict variation across 13 morphological, structural and chemical functional traits of trees, and use this to compute and map the functional diversity of tropical forests. Our findings reveal that the tropical Americas, Africa and Asia tend to occupy different portions of the total functional trait space available across tropical forests. Tropical American forests are predicted to have 40% greater functional richness than tropical African and Asian forests. Meanwhile, African forests have the highest functional divergence—32% and 7% higher than that of tropical American and Asian forests, respectively. An uncertainty analysis highlights priority regions for further data collection, which would refine and improve these maps. Our predictions represent a ground-based and remotely enabled global analysis of how and why the functional traits of tropical forest canopies vary across space.
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001040397 7001_ $$00000-0003-3400-8601$$aRifai, Sami W.$$b1
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-7451-9732$$aDeng, Xiongjie$$b2
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-8738-2659$$ater Steege, Hans$$b3
001040397 7001_ $$aThomson, Eleanor$$b4
001040397 7001_ $$aCorral-Rivas, Jose Javier$$b5
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0003-0375-1945$$aGuimaraes, Aretha Franklin$$b6
001040397 7001_ $$aMuller, Sandra$$b7
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0003-3936-9692$$aKlipel, Joice$$b8
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0003-4246-1828$$aFauset, Sophie$$b9
001040397 7001_ $$aResende, Angelica F.$$b10
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-5359-1102$$aWallin, Göran$$b11
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-7945-2805$$aJoly, Carlos A.$$b12
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-0393-9342$$aAbernethy, Katharine$$b13
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0001-7487-7911$$aAdu-Bredu, Stephen$$b14
001040397 7001_ $$aAlexandre Silva, Celice$$b15
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-6446-3376$$ade Oliveira, Edmar Almeida$$b16
001040397 7001_ $$aAlmeida, Danilo R. A.$$b17
001040397 7001_ $$aAlvarez-Davila, Esteban$$b18
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0001-7893-6421$$aAsner, Gregory P.$$b19
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-3251-1679$$aBaker, Timothy R.$$b20
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-1238-1619$$aBenchimol, Maíra$$b21
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-6180-8842$$aBentley, Lisa Patrick$$b22
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001040397 7001_ $$00000-0003-3605-4230$$aBlanc, Lilian$$b24
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001040397 7001_ $$00000-0003-3871-6293$$aBordin, Kauane$$b26
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0001-5915-4045$$aBorges de Lima, Robson$$b27
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0003-4437-5106$$aBoth, Sabine$$b28
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0001-6669-5085$$aCabezas Duarte, Jaime$$b29
001040397 7001_ $$aCardoso, Domingos$$b30
001040397 7001_ $$ade Lima, Haroldo C.$$b31
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001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-7575-5526$$aCernusak, Lucas A.$$b33
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001040397 7001_ $$ada Silva Zanzini, Antonio Carlos$$b35
001040397 7001_ $$ada Silva, Ricardo José$$b36
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001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-8360-2036$$aRodrigues, Domingos J.$$b43
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0001-8274-3075$$aEspírito-Santo, Mário$$b44
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001040397 7001_ $$00000-0003-2857-9838$$aDomingues, Tomas Ferreira$$b46
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001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-5732-1716$$aSimon, Marcelo Fragomeni$$b48
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001040397 7001_ $$00000-0003-3509-8530$$aMartin, Roberta E.$$b63
001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-2709-5308$$aVieira, Daniel Luis Mascia$$b64
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001040397 7001_ $$00000-0002-3926-6661$$aMilliken, William$$b66
001040397 7001_ $$aMoonlight, Peter$$b67
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