% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Lebendig:1040455,
      author       = {Lebendig, Florian and Müller, Michael},
      title        = {{I}nfluence of {B}iofuel {B}lending on {I}norganic
                      {C}onstituent {B}ehavior and {I}mpact in {F}luidized-{B}ed
                      {G}asification},
      journal      = {Energy $\&$ fuels},
      volume       = {39},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0887-0624},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-01907},
      pages        = {3868 - 3881},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {A promising technology for producing carbon-neutral fuels
                      is fluidized-bed gasification of biomass. In combination
                      with chemical looping gasification (CLG), the process
                      becomes even more efficient. However, using biomass-based
                      fuels can lead to significant ash-related issues, including
                      bed agglomeration, fouling, deposition, slagging, and
                      high-temperature corrosion. To address these issues, several
                      biomass upgrading approaches are used to improve the quality
                      of the feedstock for gasification. These approaches include
                      torrefaction, water leaching, and blending with different
                      additives. This study focuses on the influence of additives
                      and biomass co-blending with low-cost biofuels on the
                      behavior of inorganic constituents and under
                      gasification-like conditions at 950 °C and the
                      corresponding impact in fluidized-bed gasification. For
                      example, blending (upgraded) barley straw with 2 wt $\%$
                      CaCO3 resulted in a decrease in slag and a corresponding
                      increase in the proportion of solid oxides. This indicates
                      that thermal stability can be expected at operating
                      temperatures up to 950 °C. Similarly, adding Ca/Si-rich
                      biowaste components increases the ash softening point of
                      herbaceous biofuels. Furthermore, the results show that
                      adding Ca-based or woody biofuel components has a chemical
                      effect on the fate of volatile inorganics. For example,
                      increasing the concentration of calcium in the fuel
                      significantly reduces the release of HCl and partially
                      reduces the release of sulfur species, thus reducing the
                      corrosion risk. These results contribute to the development
                      of more efficient and cleaner biomass gasification processes
                      for producing carbon-neutral fuels.},
      cin          = {IMD-1},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IMD-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {1241 - Gas turbines (POF4-124) / CLARA - Chemical Looping
                      gAsification foR sustainAble production of biofuels
                      (817841)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1241 / G:(EU-Grant)817841},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {40040731},
      UT           = {WOS:001433736000001},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c05818},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1040455},
}