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@ARTICLE{Quaresma:1040606,
      author       = {Quaresma, Tássia L. S. and Hehnen, Tristan and Arnold,
                      Lukas},
      title        = {{T}he influence of small mass loss rate peaks on the rate
                      of spread of predictive flame spread simulations: {A}
                      theoretical study},
      journal      = {Fire safety journal},
      volume       = {152},
      issn         = {0379-7112},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-01955},
      pages        = {104344 -},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Peaks in the mass loss rate (MLR) curve derived from
                      thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are commonly used to infer
                      the pyrolysis rates of solid fuels. While the main peaks are
                      often modelled, smaller MLR fluctuations are typically
                      neglected, leading to discrepancies between models and
                      experiments. The impact of these small fluctuations on key
                      simulation predictions, however, remains unclear. This study
                      systematically explores a specific scenario in which a small
                      MLR fluctuation significantly affects the predicted rate of
                      spread (ROS) of a simplified flame spread simulation. The
                      MaCFP-recommended pyrolysis model for poly(methyl
                      methacrylate) (PMMA) is adapted to incorporate a small MLR
                      peak accounting for 0.5 $\%$ to 2 $\%$ of the sample’s
                      total mass. Results from sensitivity analyses show that the
                      peak position has the greatest impact on the ROS, followed
                      by the peak mass fraction, while the peak width has
                      negligible effect. Adding a small peak at lower temperatures
                      increased the ROS by up to 6 $\%$ to 13 $\%,$ depending on
                      the peak’s mass fraction, whereas peaks at higher
                      temperatures had little to no effect. These results indicate
                      that fluctuations at lower temperatures, w.r.t. the main
                      peak, could significantly enhance the predicted spread rates
                      and should be considered in flame spread simulations.},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001422956300001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104344},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1040606},
}