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@ARTICLE{Schmidt:1040618,
      author       = {Schmidt, Norberto Sebastián and Schwab, Alexander and Li,
                      Jingjing and Rücker, Ulrich and Zakalek, Paul and
                      Mauerhofer, Eric and Dawidowski, Javier and Gutberlet,
                      Thomas},
      title        = {{M}onte {C}arlo simulations of cold neutron spectra for
                      various para- and ortho-hydrogen ratios using different
                      codes and nuclear data libraries},
      journal      = {The European physical journal / Plus},
      volume       = {140},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2190-5444},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-01967},
      pages        = {114},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {This work compares simulated and measured neutron
                      time-of-flight spectra for a cold neutron moderator with
                      varyingpara-hydrogen concentrations $(25\%,$ $50\%,$ $90\%$
                      and $99.9\%)$ embedded in a polyethylene thermal moderator.
                      The primary neutronsare generated from the interaction of
                      45MeV protons with a tantalum target. The simulations were
                      performed using several MonteCarlo codes (MCNP, PHITS,
                      McStas, VITESS, and KDSource) together with nuclear data
                      from the ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL−5.0libraries. The
                      simulated primary neutron yields had deviations from
                      experimental measurements ranging from 0.3 to $16\%$
                      dependingon the code and the nuclear data used. The neutron
                      moderation in the para-hydrogen moderator coupled with a
                      neutron guide wasthen modeled. The neutron time distribution
                      was measured by a 3He detector at the end of the guide.
                      Comparison with experimentaldata showed good agreement, with
                      relative differences of less than $15\%.$ For the $99.9\%$
                      para-hydrogen concentration, simulationswith JENDL−5.0
                      were in better agreement with the experimental data, while
                      ENDF-B/VII.1 showed better agreement for the
                      $25\%para-hydrogen$ case. The analysis of the results
                      obtained provides insights into the strengths and
                      limitations of each Monte Carlo codeand nuclear data library
                      combination. The observed discrepancies were analyzed, and
                      possible sources of error were also identified.The
                      analytical procedure followed in this work will help to
                      improve the accuracy and reliability of neutron cold
                      moderator design.},
      cin          = {JCNS-2 / JARA-FIT / JCNS-HBS},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-2-20110106 / $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-HBS-20180709},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (FZJ)
                      (POF4-6G4) / 632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and
                      Functional Materials (POF4-632)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G4 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001417585000003},
      doi          = {10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06046-0},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1040618},
}