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@INPROCEEDINGS{Engels:1040662,
      author       = {Engels, Ralf and Büscher, Markus and Faatz, Nicolas and
                      Kannis, Chrysovalantis and Sefzick, Thomas and Soltner,
                      Helmut and Pütz, Simon},
      title        = {{N}ew {I}nsights into {S}ona {T}ransitions},
      volume       = {472},
      publisher    = {Sissa Medialab Trieste},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-01993},
      pages        = {005},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The Sona method, described in 1968 by Peter Sona, has been
                      used in polarized sources of the Lamb-shift type and is
                      still important at optically pumped ion sources, e.g. at
                      BNL. The trick of this method is that an electron
                      polarization of a hydrogen beam, e.g. produced by charge
                      exchange of a proton beam with optically pumped rubidium
                      atoms, can be transferred into nuclear polarization. For
                      this purpose, the electron-polarized hydrogen atoms have to
                      pass a zero-crossing of a longitudinal magnetic field that
                      acts as quantization axis. This non-adiabatic passage
                      exchanges the occupation numbers of the "pure" hyperfine
                      substates |1> and |3>, but keeps the “mixed” states |2>
                      and |4>. Thus, the atoms in a hydrogen beam in the states
                      |1> and |2>, both characterized by $m_J$=+1/2, will end up
                      in the states |2> and |3> that have both $m_I$=−1/2.Like
                      other groups operating such a Sona unit for metastable
                      hydrogen atoms, we observed strong oscillations of the
                      occupation numbers of the involved hyperfine substates.
                      These depend on several parameters like the magnetic field
                      shape and amplitude of the Sona unit or the velocity of the
                      hydrogen beam. In this proceeding we discussed the
                      theoretical explanation of this effect and possible
                      application for future polarized sources.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2024-09-22},
      organization  = {20th International Workshop on
                       Polarized Source, Targets, and
                       Polarimetry, Jefferson Lab (Newport
                       News), 22 Sep 2024 - 27 Sep 2024},
      cin          = {IKP-2 / PGI-6 / ITE},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IKP-2-20111104 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-6-20110106 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ITE-20250108},
      pnm          = {612 - Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory (POF4-612) / DFG
                      project G:(GEPRIS)533904660 - Eine vielseitige
                      Polarisationsmethode für Teilchen mit einfachen
                      Hyperfeinstrukturen (533904660)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-612 / G:(GEPRIS)533904660},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8},
      doi          = {10.22323/1.472.0005},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1040662},
}