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@ARTICLE{Lu:1040884,
      author       = {Lu, Wendi and Zeng, Yelu and Vilfan, Nastassia and Huang,
                      Jianxi and Van Wittenberghe, Shari and He, Yachang and Gao,
                      Yongyuan and Junker-Frohn, Laura and Johnson, Jennifer E.
                      and Su, Wei and Liu, Qinhuo and Siegmann, Bastian and Hao,
                      Dalei},
      title        = {{C}haracterizing leaf-scale fluorescence with spectral
                      invariants},
      journal      = {Remote sensing of environment},
      volume       = {322},
      issn         = {0034-4257},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02037},
      pages        = {114704},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is increasingly
                      recognized as a non-destructive probe for tracking
                      terrestrial photosynthesis. Emerging developments in
                      spectral invariants theory provide an innovative and
                      efficient approach for representing SIF radiative transfer
                      processes at the canopy scale. However, modeling leaf-scale
                      fluorescence based on the spectral invariants properties
                      (SIP) remains underexplored. In this study, the spectral
                      invariants theory is employed for the first time to model
                      the leaf-scale total, backward and forward fluorescence
                      (leaf-SIP SIF). The leaf-SIP SIF model separates the
                      leaf-scale radiative transfer process into two distinct
                      components: the wavelength-dependent one associated with
                      leaf biochemical properties, and the wavelength-independent
                      component linked to leaf structural characteristics. The
                      leaf structure-related effects are characterized by two
                      spectrally invariant parameters: the photon recollision
                      probability (p) and the scattering asymmetry parameter (q),
                      which are parameterized using the directly measurable leaf
                      dry matter. Evaluation against field measurements shows that
                      the proposed leaf-SIP SIF model has a good performance, with
                      coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.89, 0.89, 0.90 and
                      root mean squared errors (RMSE) of 1.28, 0.69, 0.74
                      Wm−2μm−1sr−1, respectively for the total, backward,
                      and forward fluorescence (660–800 nm). The leaf-SIP SIF
                      model with a more concise formulation demonstrates
                      comparable performance with the widely used Fluspect model.
                      The leaf-SIP SIF model provides a simple and efficient
                      approach for simulating leaf-scale fluorescence, with the
                      potential to be integrated into a unified SIP-based model
                      framework for simulating the radiative transfer processes
                      across the soil-leaf-canopy-atmosphere continuum.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2172 - Utilization of renewable carbon and energy sources
                      and engineering of ecosystem functions (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2172},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001448467100001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.rse.2025.114704},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1040884},
}