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@PHDTHESIS{Sarner:1041035,
      author       = {Sarner, Stephan},
      title        = {{R}ecyclingmöglichkeiten für die {K}eramikkomponenten
                      einer {F}estoxidzelle},
      volume       = {660},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02099},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-816-2},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {VIII, 122},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2025},
      abstract     = {The solid oxide cell is a high-efficient technology for the
                      production and conversion of hydrogen into electricity. This
                      technology is based on high-performance ceramics that
                      contain a variety of strategically valuable and critical raw
                      materials. In light of the growing global interest in
                      low-CO2 hydrogen, a significant market ramp-up of this
                      technology is expected in the coming decade. To ensure
                      sustainable and resourceefficient use, the development of
                      economically viable recycling concepts for production scrap
                      and returned materials is crucial, even at the early stages
                      of commercialization. This thesis presents a recycling
                      concept that primarily focuses on preserving the main
                      fraction of the cell material in a closed-loop system. The
                      bulk material consists of yttriastabilized zirconia and
                      nickel, while smaller amounts of gadolinium-doped ceria and
                      lanthanum-strontium-cobalt-ferrite are present in the cell
                      composite. Accordingly, the recycling concept applies to
                      fuel electrode-supported solid oxide cells and is
                      demonstrated using cells manufactured at the
                      Forschungszentrum Jülich. A key element of the process lies
                      in the complete separation of the air-side perovskite
                      components (here: lanthanum-strontium-cobalt-ferrite) from
                      the rest of the cell composite, which was achieved through a
                      wet chemical process using hydrochloric acid. The separation
                      process was optimized to ensure that the perovskite compound
                      is fully decomposed, while the main fraction of the cell
                      remains as a stable solid phase. This undissolved solid
                      residue is mechanically crushed and was partially
                      reincorporated into the production of new cell material in
                      the form of a substrate. Despite minor differences in the
                      lateral shrinkage behavior during the sintering process, the
                      functionality of the recycled substrate was maintained
                      compared to a new, non-recycled standard. The closed-loop
                      process achieved a material yield of approximately 97 $\%.$
                      Furthermore, the recovery of strategically valuable metals
                      from the perovskite components, particularly lanthanum, was
                      investigated in an open-loop approach. By direct oxalate
                      precipitation, a large portion of the contained lanthanum
                      was recovered with a chemical purity of over 98 $\%.$ The
                      results demonstrate the technical feasibility of integrating
                      ceramic solid oxide waste into the manufacturing process and
                      retaining the majority of the cell components (85–90 mass
                      percentage) directly in a closed loop. The advantages and
                      limitations of the process were considered in comparison
                      with other studies in this emerging research field and
                      discussed throughout this work.},
      cin          = {IMD-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IMD-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / SOFC -
                      Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC-20140602)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2504140934243.795472099539},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2025-02099},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1041035},
}