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@INPROCEEDINGS{Kreutle:1041335,
      author       = {Kreutle, Manuel Thomas and Niemeyer, Irmgard},
      title        = {{S}imulating the physics of spent nuclear fuel in an
                      interim storage facility: a step towards a digital twin for
                      nuclear safeguards},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02225},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {In support of the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons,
                      international safeguards are applied to nuclear material and
                      activities in order to prevent and detect misuse of nuclear
                      facilities and diversions of nuclear materials from peaceful
                      purposes. This also holds true for spent nuclear fuel and
                      other nuclear waste during the process of interim storage
                      and, in the future, in deep-geological disposal. To achieve
                      this goal, various technical measures are applied by the
                      International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and regional
                      safeguards authorities, such as seals, closed-circuit
                      television (CCTV) cameras, radiation detectors or laser
                      scanning. These monitoring systems produce large amounts of
                      data and become more and more interconnected and automated.
                      At the same time, digital twin concepts increasingly gain
                      popularity in industry contexts while enabling technologies,
                      e.g. high-performance computing and machine learning, become
                      more easily available. “Multi-physics” simulations are
                      also often mentioned as a key aspect of digital twins.In
                      this talk, we will present the modelling and simulation
                      aspects of a project that aims to explore the possibilities
                      and limitations of digital twins for safeguards in nuclear
                      waste management. We will discuss safeguards-relevant data
                      traces like neutron and gamma measurements, light detection
                      and ranging (LiDAR), as well as anti-neutrino and muon
                      detection for the use case of containerised spent nuclear
                      fuel in a dry interim storage facility. We will present a
                      Python-centered simulation framework, currently consisting
                      of neutron, gamma and LiDAR simulations and outline how this
                      will be extended to a larger digital twin framework, where
                      real measurement data can be processed and analysed
                      alongside the simulated data, e.g. for experimental design
                      optimisation and anomaly detection.},
      month         = {Mar},
      date          = {2025-03-10},
      organization  = {88. Jahrestagung der Deutschen
                       Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Berlin
                       (Germany), 10 Mar 2025 - 14 Mar 2025},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {IFN-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IFN-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1411 - Nuclear Waste Disposal (POF4-141) / Neu- und
                      Weiterentwicklung von Konzepten, Methoden und Techniken für
                      die internationale Kernmaterialüberwachung, insbesondere im
                      Rahmen der nuklearen Entsorgung (SAFEGUARDS-3) (02W6279)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1411 / G:(BMWi)02W6279},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1041335},
}