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@ARTICLE{Esat:1041554,
      author       = {Esat, Taner and Yang, Xiaosheng and Mustafayev, Farhad and
                      Soltner, Helmut and Tautz, Frank Stefan and Temirov, Ruslan},
      title        = {{H}ow cold is the junction of a millikelvin scanning
                      tunnelling microscope?},
      publisher    = {arXiv},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02311},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {We employ a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) cooled to
                      millikelvin temperatures by an adiabatic demagnetization
                      refrigerator (ADR) to perform scanning tunnelling
                      spectroscopy (STS) on an atomically clean surface of Al(100)
                      in a superconducting state using normal-metal and
                      superconducting STM tips. Varying the ADR temperatures
                      between 30 mK and 1.2 K, we show that the temperature of the
                      STM junction $T$ is decoupled from the temperature of the
                      surrounding environment $T_{\mathrm{env}}$. Simulating the
                      STS data with the $P(E)$ theory, we determine that
                      $T_{\mathrm{env}} \approx 1.5$ K, while the fitting of the
                      superconducting gap spectrum yields the lowest $T=77$ mK.},
      keywords     = {Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) (Other)
                      / FOS: Physical sciences (Other)},
      cin          = {PGI-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-3-20110106},
      pnm          = {5213 - Quantum Nanoscience (POF4-521)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5213},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      doi          = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.11908},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1041554},
}