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@ARTICLE{Esat:1041584,
      author       = {Esat, Taner and Borgens, Peter and Yang, Xiaosheng and
                      Coenen, Peter and Cherepanov, Vasily and Raccanelli, Andrea
                      and Tautz, F. Stefan and Temirov, Ruslan},
      title        = {{A} millikelvin scanning tunneling microscope in ultra-high
                      vacuum with adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration},
      publisher    = {arXiv},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02323},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {We present the design and performance of an ultra-high
                      vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that uses
                      adiabatic demagnetization of electron magnetic moments for
                      controlling its operating temperature in the range between
                      30 mK and 1 K with the accuracy of up to 7 $μ$K. The time
                      available for STM experiments at 50 mK is longer than 20 h,
                      at 100 mK about 40 h. The single-shot adiabatic
                      demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) can be regenerated
                      automatically within 7 hours while keeping the STM
                      temperature below 5 K. The whole setup is located in a
                      vibrationally isolated, electromagnetically shielded
                      laboratory with no mechanical pumping lines penetrating
                      through its isolation walls. The 1K pot of the ADR cryostat
                      can be operated silently for more than 20 days in a
                      single-shot mode using a custom-built high-capacity
                      cryopump. A high degree of vibrational decoupling together
                      with the use of a specially-designed minimalistic STM head
                      provides an outstanding mechanical stability, demonstrated
                      by the tunneling current noise, STM imaging, and scanning
                      tunneling spectroscopy measurements all performed on
                      atomically clean Al(100) surface.},
      keywords     = {Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) (Other) /
                      Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) (Other)
                      / FOS: Physical sciences (Other)},
      cin          = {PGI-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-3-20110106},
      pnm          = {5213 - Quantum Nanoscience (POF4-521)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5213},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      doi          = {10.48550/ARXIV.2103.11945},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1041584},
}