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@ARTICLE{Suarez:1042318,
      author       = {Suarez, Estela and Amaya, Jorge and Frank, Martin and
                      Freyermuth, Oliver and Girone, Maria and Kostrzewa, Bartosz
                      and Pfalzner, Susanne},
      title        = {{E}nergy efficiency trends in {HPC}: what high-energy and
                      astrophysicists need to know},
      journal      = {Frontiers in physics},
      volume       = {13},
      issn         = {2296-424X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02525},
      pages        = {1542474},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The growing energy demands of High Performance Computing
                      (HPC) systems have made energy efficiency a critical concern
                      for system developers and operators. However, HPC users are
                      generally less aware of how these energy concerns influence
                      the design, deployment, and operation of supercomputers even
                      though they experience the consequences. This paper examines
                      the implications of HPC’s energy consumption, providing an
                      overview of current trends aimed at improving energy
                      efficiency. We describe how hardware innovations such as
                      energy-efficient processors, novel system architectures,
                      power management techniques, and advanced scheduling
                      policies do have a direct impact on how applications need to
                      be programmed and executed on HPC systems. For application
                      developers, understanding how these new systems work and how
                      to analyse and report the performances of their own software
                      is critical in the dialog with HPC system designers and
                      administrators. The paper aims to raise awareness about
                      energy efficiency among users, particularly in the high
                      energy physics and astrophysics domains, offering practical
                      advice on how to analyse and optimise applications to reduce
                      their energy consumption without compromising on
                      performance.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5122 - Future Computing $\&$ Big Data Systems (POF4-512) /
                      5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)511713970 - SFB 1639: NuMeriQS: Numerische
                      Methoden zur Untersuchung von Dynamik und Strukturbildung in
                      Quantensystemen (511713970) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)460248186 - PUNCH4NFDI - Teilchen, Universum,
                      Kerne und Hadronen für die NFDI (460248186) / Big Bang to
                      Big Data - B3D [NRW-Cluster für datenintensive
                      Radioastronomie] (PROFILNRW-2020-038B)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5122 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)511713970 / G:(GEPRIS)460248186 /
                      G:(DE-Juel-1)PROFILNRW-2020-038B},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001485172200001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fphy.2025.1542474},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1042318},
}