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@ARTICLE{Jacobi:1042530,
      author       = {Jacobi, Christoph and Karami, Khalil and Kuchar, Ales and
                      Ern, Manfred and Renkwitz, Toralf and Latteck, Ralph and
                      Chau, Jorge L.},
      title        = {{L}ong-term changes and trends of mesosphere/lower
                      thermosphere gravity waves over {C}ollm, {G}ermany},
      journal      = {Advances in radio science},
      volume       = {23},
      issn         = {1684-9965},
      address      = {Göttingen},
      publisher    = {Copernicus Publications},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02578},
      pages        = {21 - 31},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Time series of mesosphere/lower thermosphere half-hourly
                      winds over Collm (51.3° N, 13.0° E) have been obtained
                      from 1984–2007 by low frequency (LF) spaced receiver
                      measurements and from 2004 to date by very high frequency
                      (VHF) meteor radar Doppler wind observations in the height
                      range 82–97 km. These observations are analysed with
                      respect to gravity wave (GW) climatology and trends. From
                      half-hourly differences of zonal and meridional winds, GW
                      variance proxies have been calculated that describe
                      amplitude variations in the period range 1–3 h. After
                      applying corrections to account for instrumental
                      differences, the GW climatology and time series have been
                      obtained. The mean GW activity in the upper mesosphere shows
                      maximum amplitudes in summer, while in the lower
                      thermosphere GWs maximize in winter. At altitudes around
                      90 km, positive/negative long-term trends are visible in
                      winter/summer, consistent with increasing/decreasing
                      mesospheric winds. In the lower thermosphere, however,
                      long-term amplitude trends are generally positive. We notice
                      qualitative correspondence of these trends with those
                      derived from satellite observations of potential energy
                      despite of different wavelength ranges seen by radar and
                      satellite. Quasi-decadal and interannual variations of GW
                      amplitudes and mean winds are also visible, showing a
                      possible influence of the 11-year solar cycle or lower
                      atmosphere circulation patterns.},
      cin          = {ICE-4},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001489949300001},
      doi          = {10.5194/ars-23-21-2025},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1042530},
}