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@ARTICLE{HaffnerSchirmer:1042670,
      author       = {Haffner-Schirmer, Julian and Le Corre, Vincent Marc and
                      Forberich, Karen and Egelhaaf, Hans Joachim and Osterrieder,
                      Tobias and Wortmann, Jonas and Liu, Chao and Weitz, Paul and
                      Heumüller, Thomas and Bornschlegl, Andreas Josef and
                      Wachsmuth, Josua and Distler, Andreas and Wagner, Michael
                      and Peng, Zijian and Lüer, Larry and Brabec, Christoph
                      Joseph},
      title        = {{A} {H}igh {T}hroughput {P}latform to {M}inimize {V}oltage
                      and {F}ill {F}actor {L}osses},
      journal      = {Advanced energy materials},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {17},
      issn         = {1614-6832},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02639},
      pages        = {2403479},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Organic photovoltaics (OPV) now can exceed $20\%$ power
                      conversion efficiency in single junction solar cells. To
                      close the remaining gap to competing technologies, both fill
                      factor and open-circuit voltage must be optimized. The
                      Langevin reduction factor is a well-known concept that
                      measures the degree to which charge extraction is favored
                      over charge recombination. It is therefore ideally suited as
                      an optimization target in high-throughput workflows;
                      however, its evaluation so far requires expert interaction.
                      Here, an integrated high-throughput workflow is presented,
                      able to obtain the Langevin reduction factor within a few
                      seconds with high accuracy without human intervention and
                      thus suited for autonomous experiments. This is achieved by
                      combining evidence from UV–vis spectra, current–voltage
                      curves, and a novel implementation of microsecond transient
                      absorption kinetics allowing, for the first time, the
                      intrinsic determination of charge absorption cross-sections,
                      which is crucial to reporting stationary charge densities.
                      The method is demonstrated by varying the donor:acceptor
                      ratio of the high performance OPV blend PM6:Y12. The high
                      reproducibility of the method allows to find a strictly
                      exponential relationship between the PM6 exciton energy and
                      the Langevin reduction factor.},
      cin          = {IET-2},
      ddc          = {050},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-2-20140314},
      pnm          = {1214 - Modules, stability, performance and specific
                      applications (POF4-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1214},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001395020500001},
      doi          = {10.1002/aenm.202403479},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1042670},
}