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@INPROCEEDINGS{Lenser:1042838,
      author       = {Lenser, Christian and Ramler, Denise and Schwiers,
                      Alexander and Menzler, Norbert H. and Guillon, Olivier},
      title        = {{I}nterdiffusion in {M}ulti-{L}ayer {E}lectrolytes for
                      {S}olid {O}xide {C}ells: {C}o-{F}iring and {R}apid
                      {D}ensification {T}echniques},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02672},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Doped ceria (DC) is a ubiquitous material for
                      high-temperature solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells
                      (SOFC/SOEC). When used as a fuel-electrode material, DC
                      exhibits high electrochemical activity and good stability in
                      Ni-DC cermets. As an electrolyte material, DC offers high
                      ionic conductivity and low-resistance interfaces to Ni-DC
                      cermet electrodes, but the mixed conductivity necessitates
                      the inclusion of an electron blocking layer. This
                      presentation will cover the processing and co-firing of
                      multi-layer electrolytes of Gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) and
                      Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), primarily by
                      suspension-based techniques. A statistical analysis of the
                      parameter space of the paste constituents on the paste
                      rheology reveals the damping factor tan  and the yield
                      point of the paste are the best predictors for the fidelity
                      of the print. It will be shown that the common particle size
                      descriptor of the d50 is not well correlated to tan  and
                      the yield point, and that a bimodality coefficient
                      calculated from skewness and kurtosis of the particle size
                      distribution shows strong correlation with the damping
                      factor, while the yield point of the paste is heavily
                      influenced by the binder content. The importance of these
                      factors for producing desirable printed layers will be
                      shown. Moreover, understanding the correlation of the powder
                      properties to the relevant rheological parameters is
                      essential for the application of machine-learning to design
                      printable pastes.While precise control of the
                      screen-printing parameters enables the fabrication of dense
                      and gas-tight electrolytes, the amount of interdiffusion
                      between the GDC and YSZ phase during co-firing remains an
                      issue. Among the investigated mitigation strategies are
                      several sintering techniques that enable rapid densification
                      in short timeframes, namely ultra-high temperature sintering
                      (UHS), field-assisted sintering (FAST) and black-light
                      sintering (BLS). For these novel techniques, initial
                      investigations show that the rapid densification of GDC-YSZ
                      powder mixtures is accompanied by severe interdiffusion and
                      the formation of mixed phases irrespective of the very short
                      interaction times. In addition, the sample environments
                      present during FAST and UHS lead to reduction of the
                      specimen, negatively impacting density and mechanical
                      stability. While these techniques show promising results for
                      chemically homogeneous materials, the problem of
                      interdiffusion in the YSZ-GDC system is not mitigated.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2025-05-18},
      organization  = {247th ECS Meeting, Montreal (Canada),
                       18 May 2025 - 22 May 2025},
      subtyp        = {Invited},
      cin          = {IMD-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IMD-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / DFG
                      project G:(GEPRIS)275388933 - Entwicklung verbesserter
                      Anoden in oxidkeramischen Brennstoffzellen (SOFC) für die
                      Verstromung von Synthesegas aus der thermochemischen
                      Vergasung von Biomasse (275388933)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(GEPRIS)275388933},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2025-02672},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1042838},
}