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@ARTICLE{Barysch:1042883,
      author       = {Barysch, Vera Michaela and Wolff, Beatrice and Streun,
                      Matthias and Jakes, Peter and Schleker, Peter Philipp Maria
                      and Granwehr, Josef},
      title        = {{C}ombined dynamic nuclear polarization and electron
                      paramagnetic resonance at 0.34 {T} to investigate
                      electrochemical lithium deposition on copper},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02690},
      pages        = {18436},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Despite extensive research conducted on plating and
                      dendrite formation in lithium batteries, themolecular
                      formation processes are not yet fully understood. Electron
                      paramagnetic resonance (EPR)sensitively detects metallic Li
                      species but misses non-paramagnetic ones. Nuclear
                      magneticresonance (NMR) is chemically selective, yet
                      exhibits low sensitivity under low-field conditions.Dynamic
                      nuclear polarization (DNP) overcomes this by transferring
                      electron spin polarization tonuclei. Here, correlative EPR
                      and DNP-enhanced 7Li NMR of lithium on copper is
                      demonstratedusing a custom setup operating at 0.34 T with a
                      sweepable electromagnet. DNP experiments wereconducted in
                      pulsed mode to minimize sample heating. The resulting
                      enhanced 7Li NMR signal allowsthe observation of
                      electrochemically deposited lithium on copper, harvested
                      from a Cu vs. Li cell, withan enhancement ϵ > 400. By
                      changing the magnetic field strength by a few Gauss, the
                      saturationof the conduction EPR transition was varied,
                      leading to an altered Knight shift of metallic 7Li.
                      Thecorresponding change of the DNP-polarized 7Li chemical
                      shifts in the range from 240 ppm to 80 ppmallowed an
                      indirect, saturation-based distinction of EPR species.
                      Moreover, an enhancement ϵ by afactor of about 2 of the 1H
                      signal from the surrounding electrolyte of electrochemically
                      depositedlithium was observed, indicating the potential to
                      investigate the solid–electrolyte interface (SEI).
                      Thesetup employed a battery cell housing developed for EPR,
                      demonstrating its suitability for in operandoexperiments in
                      the future.},
      cin          = {IET-1 / ITE},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218 / I:(DE-Juel1)ITE-20250108},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {40419527},
      UT           = {WOS:001496076300006},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-025-01107-x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1042883},
}