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@INPROCEEDINGS{Maksumov:1042994,
      author       = {Maksumov, Muzaffar and Hausen, Florian},
      collaboration = {Kaus, Anton and Teng, Zhenjie and Kleiner, Karin and
                      Gunkel, Felix and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{D}ynamic and static degradation of perovskite oxide
                      catalysts by electrochemical {AFM}},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02721},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {A fundamental understanding of degradation mechanisms under
                      static and dynamic conditions is essential to develop
                      catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the
                      bottleneck in efficient electrochemical water splitting.
                      Perovskite oxides are novel class of OER electrocatalysts
                      [1-2], however, the differences in their degradation and
                      stability in alkaline electrolyte are not yet fully
                      understood. To address this, epitaxially grown
                      La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 (LSCO), La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 (LSFO) and
                      La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (LSMO) were compared by employing
                      electrochemical atomic force microscopy (AFM) during cyclic
                      voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA).Electrochemical
                      AFM results, mapping the topography and friction force of
                      materials during the first CV showed distinctly different
                      and irreversible degradation paths for perovskites.
                      Continuous topography and friction force measurements over
                      prolonged cycling, as well as post-catalysis analyses,
                      further supported the observed dynamic degradation
                      mechanisms, specifically bulk degradation in LSCO and LSMO,
                      and surface passivation in LSFO. Consequently, the Co-based
                      perovskite exhibited reduced stability and activity loss,
                      whereas the Fe-based perovskite demonstrated improved
                      stability. A comparison with steady-state OER conditions
                      showed that electrochemical AFM during CA detected a short
                      delay of morphology and friction force changes relative to
                      the start of electrochemistry. The results elucidate how
                      electrochemical AFM can differentiate degradation mechanisms
                      under dynamic and static conditions in alkaline environments
                      as well as between transition metals in perovskite oxides.
                      Thereby, the conclusions contribute significantly to the
                      understanding of perovskite degradation at the solid-liquid
                      interface. References:[1] Weber, M., Gunkel, F. et al. J.
                      Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 17966-17979 [2] Akbashew, A. et
                      al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 513-522},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2025-05-26},
      organization  = {10th Multifrequency AFM, Madrid
                       (Spain), 26 May 2025 - 30 May 2025},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {IET-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)493705276 - Kontrolle des Degradationsverhaltens
                      von perowskitischen OER-Katalysatoren unter dynamischen
                      Operationsbedingungen durch operando-Charakterisierung und
                      systematischer Variation der d-Orbital-Bandstruktur
                      (493705276)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(GEPRIS)493705276},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1042994},
}