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@ARTICLE{vanWickeren:1043177,
      author       = {van Wickeren, Stefan and Ihlbrock, Lukas and Peschel,
                      Christoph and Wiemers-Meyer, Simon and Winter, Martin and
                      Nowak, Sascha},
      title        = {{I}mplementation of ion exclusion chromatography for
                      characterization of lithium ion battery materials},
      journal      = {Journal of chromatography},
      volume       = {1756},
      issn         = {0021-9673},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02785},
      pages        = {466070 -},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {The authors thank the German Federal Ministry of Education
                      and Research (BMBF) for funding the project Cell-Fill (Grant
                      number 03XP0237C).},
      abstract     = {Inorganic compounds such as lithium fluoride (LiF) and
                      lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) as well as weakly acidic lithium
                      salts like lithium acetate (LiCH3CO2) or lithium formate
                      (LiHCO2) are reported decomposition products in lithium ion
                      batteries (LIBs). The simultaneous analysis of these
                      compounds is challenging due to the complex system
                      consisting of conductive salt, organic carbonates, additives
                      and their decomposition variety. Ion exclusion
                      chromatography with conductivity detection (IEC-CD) seems to
                      be predestinated for this analytical task due to its ability
                      to separate and determine weakly acidic anions, which are
                      the relevant species arising from lithium salts and
                      electrolyte decomposition processes. One important
                      chromatographic method to analyze ionic decomposition
                      products is ion exchange chromatography (IC), which is
                      currently a state-of-the-art (SOTA) technique for fluoride
                      (F-) quantification in LIBs. However, the calibration curve
                      of F- by IC hyphenated to a conductivity detection (CD)
                      provides a small linear range for low concentrations and an
                      analyte dependent retention shift occurs. IEC-CD represents
                      a substantial upgrade in this respect and generated benefits
                      for electrolyte analysis by an improved linear range for F-
                      (up to several 100 ppm). Furthermore, especially in complex
                      samples, the IEC-CD method provides a more reliable
                      chromatographic separation. In this study, IEC-CD is
                      implemented to investigate decomposition pathways of
                      fluor-releasing electrolyte additives such as fluoroethylene
                      carbonate (FEC). The quantification of formate (HCO2-),
                      acetate (CH3CO2-) and carbonate (CO32-) was also possible to
                      gain deeper understanding of electrolyte additive
                      decomposition in LIBs.},
      cin          = {IMD-4},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IMD-4-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {40460522},
      UT           = {WOS:001504436000002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466070},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1043177},
}