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@ARTICLE{Morata:1043682,
      author       = {Morata, Miguel and Siegmann, Bastian and García-Soria,
                      José Luis and Rivera-Caicedo, Juan Pablo and Verrelst,
                      Jochem},
      title        = {{O}n the potential of principal component analysis for the
                      reconstruction of full-spectrum {SIF} emission and emulated
                      airborne-to-satellite upscaling},
      journal      = {Remote sensing of environment},
      volume       = {328},
      issn         = {0034-4257},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02980},
      pages        = {114865 -},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) emitted by plants as a
                      byproduct of photosynthesis provides critical insightsinto
                      vegetation health and climate regulation. However, detecting
                      the weak SIF signal from small telluricoxygen absorption
                      features remains challenging. ESA’s upcoming Fluorescence
                      Explorer (FLEX) mission willretrieve full-spectrum SIF data
                      at 300 m spatial resolution. In the meantime, we propose an
                      alternativeapproach to reconstruct full-spectrum SIF from
                      𝑂2𝐴 and 𝑂2𝐵 bands using Principal Component
                      Analysis(PCA) and the Soil Canopy Observation,
                      Photochemistry, and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model. Based on
                      100,000SCOPE simulations (640–850 nm at 1 nm resolution),
                      the SIF signals in the 𝑂2𝐴 (760 nm) and 𝑂2𝐵 (687
                      nm)bands showed high correlations with adjacent spectral
                      regions and the full spectrum (𝑅2 > 0.89). From thisdata,
                      we derived linear regression functions linking SIF at the
                      𝑂2𝐴 (760 nm) and 𝑂2𝐵 (687 nm) bands tothe first
                      two principal components (PCs), enabling inverse PCA
                      transformation to reconstruct full-spectrumSIF with 𝑅2 >
                      0.98 and RMSE < 0.12 mW m−2 nm−1 sr−1. Applying the
                      functions to HyPlant airborne SIFmaps (1.7 m resolution) in
                      northeastern Spain, and subsequent PC transformation,
                      successfully reconstructedfull-spectrum SIF including peaks
                      and total emitted flux (𝑆𝐼𝐹𝑇 𝑜𝑡) with
                      propagated uncertainties. To transferthis airborne
                      full-spectrum SIF data to the satellite scale, we then
                      trained an emulator with PRecursoreIperSpectrale de la
                      Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) Bottom of Atmosphere (BOA)
                      reflectance spectra as inputto produce spaceborne synthetic
                      full-spectral SIF maps at 30 m resolution, and resampled to
                      the nominal300 m FLEX resolution. Despite PRISMA’s lower
                      spectral resolution for SIF retrieval, the emulator
                      reliablyproduced full-spectrum SIF with 𝑅2 of 0.69 and
                      0.52 for 𝑆𝐼𝐹760 and 𝑆𝐼𝐹687 bands, enabling
                      FLEX-likeSIF products (e.g., peaks, 𝑆𝐼𝐹𝑇
                      𝑜𝑡). This reconstruction and upscaling approach
                      demonstrates its utility forgenerating FLEX-compatible SIF
                      datasets, supporting FLEX’ mission preparation and cal/val
                      activities.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001528106500002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.rse.2025.114865},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1043682},
}