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@ARTICLE{Jokhovets:1044113,
      author       = {Jokhovets, L. and Van den Boom, J. and Furletov, Sergey and
                      Harff, M. and Kulessa, P. and Ramm, M. and Roth, C. and
                      Schlösser, M. and Streun, M. and Wagenknecht, G. and Van
                      Waasen, S.},
      title        = {{S}cintillator-based {S}i{PM} {D}etector: {I}mproved
                      {P}erformance by {E}qualization of {P}ulse {A}rrival
                      {T}imes},
      journal      = {IEEE transactions on nuclear science},
      volume       = {72},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0018-9499},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-03029},
      pages        = {2956 - 2964},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {A desired temporal accuracy of scintillator-based detectors
                      is less than 100 ps. In medical imaging, this is necessary
                      for successful time-of-flight positron emission tomography
                      (TOF-PET) measurements. In high-energy physics, the
                      calorimeter time resolution must also be on the order of
                      tens of picoseconds. In this work we describe a way to
                      achieve such a high level of performance for a detector
                      consisting of a monolithic scintillator that distributes
                      light over several cells of an analog silicon
                      photomultiplier (SiPM) array. Each of the cells is read and
                      analyzed separately, applying a waveform sampling
                      (WFS)technique combined with a nonlinear rise approximation
                      (nLRA).Initially, due to a specific spatiotemporal
                      distribution of photons in the scintillator as well as
                      saturation and recovery effects inherent to SiPMs, the
                      spread of arrival times deduced from signals of different
                      cells can exceed 1 ns for the same array and the same event.
                      To improve the timing performance we propose a method of
                      equalization of arrival times for predominantly illuminated
                      cells in the same SiPM array. This results in a coincidence
                      time resolution (CTR) below 100 ps FWHM for a pair of
                      identical detectors},
      cin          = {PGI-4},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-4-20110106},
      pnm          = {622 - Detector Technologies and Systems (POF4-622) / 1121 -
                      Digitalization and Systems Technology for Flexibility
                      Solutions (POF4-112) / 5253 - Neuroimaging (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-622 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1121 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5253},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001555522300030},
      doi          = {10.1109/TNS.2025.3587945},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1044113},
}