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@ARTICLE{Xia:1044502,
      author       = {Xia, Jing and Gong, Deshan and Han, Biao and Guo, Qiang and
                      Zhan, Yang and Fink, Gereon Rudolf and Daun, Silvia and
                      Chen, Qi},
      title        = {{E}arlier finish of motor planning in the premotor cortex
                      predicts faster motor command in the primary motor cortex:
                      {H}uman intracranial {EEG} evidence},
      journal      = {Cortex},
      volume       = {190},
      issn         = {0010-9452},
      address      = {Paris},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Masson},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-03239},
      pages        = {160 - 177},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Bitte Post-print ergänzen},
      abstract     = {The human motor system operates under hierarchical control
                      during finger movements. The non-primary motor cortex
                      (premotor cortex, PM, and supplementary motor area, SMA)
                      organizes motor planning, while the primary motor cortex
                      (M1) is responsible for motor execution. We utilized the
                      high temporal and spatial resolution of intracranial EEG
                      (iEEG) to investigate how the temporal dynamics of
                      high-gamma oscillations in these hierarchically organized
                      motor sub-regions, during both pre-movement planning and
                      motor execution, correlated with reaction times (RTs) in a
                      cued finger movement task. Our results showed that
                      high-gamma power in PM, SMA, and M1 activated sequentially.
                      More importantly, the sustained high-gamma activation in the
                      non-primary motor cortex and the peak latency of high-gamma
                      power in M1 significantly predicted RTs. Specifically, the
                      faster the activation of the non-primary motor cortex
                      returned to baseline, the faster the motor command in M1,
                      resulting in shorter RTs. Furthermore, pairwise phase
                      coherence between motor areas revealed that more sustained
                      connectivity correlated with longer RTs. These findings
                      illustrate the relationship between the temporal profiles of
                      high-gamma activity in human motor areas and response
                      performance.Keywords: Finger movements; High-gamma power;
                      Intracranial EEG; Non-primary motor cortex; Pairwise phase
                      consistency; Primary motor cortex.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525) / DFG
                      project G:(GEPRIS)431549029 - SFB 1451:
                      Schlüsselmechanismen normaler und krankheitsbedingt
                      gestörter motorischer Kontrolle (431549029) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)491111487 - Open-Access-Publikationskosten / 2025
                      - 2027 / Forschungszentrum Jülich (OAPKFZJ) (491111487)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252 / G:(GEPRIS)431549029 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)491111487},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1044502},
}