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@ARTICLE{Glcker:1044816,
      author       = {Glücker, Philipp and Mhanna, Sleiman and Pesch, Thiemo and
                      Benigni, Andrea and Mancarella, Pierluigi},
      title        = {{Q}uantification of electrical system flexibility by local
                      multi-energy systems: {I}mpact of the system design and
                      component interdependencies},
      journal      = {Applied energy},
      volume       = {397},
      issn         = {0306-2619},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-03371},
      pages        = {126342 -},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Multi-energy systems (MES) providing electrical flexibility
                      will be essential for low-carbon power grids. With the aim
                      of embedding flexibility provision into the design phase of
                      local MES, the presented framework proposes a quantitative
                      assessment of how the sizing of individual and
                      interdependent components affects technical flexibility. It
                      identifies key components that either enhance or reduce the
                      flexibility of MES. The framework includes a sensitivity
                      analysis that provides valuable technical insights, such as
                      a deeper understanding of limiting factors and
                      interdependencies between components across energy vectors.
                      Moreover, flexibility is quantified over multiple time steps
                      in relation to a predetermined reference schedule, which is
                      particularly important for energy systems that must submit
                      their planned schedule in advance, thus ensuring constant
                      flexibility provision for a specified duration. The adopted
                      case studies, which use a residential building and a local
                      energy community, underpin the capabilities of the proposed
                      framework and its applicability to energy systems with
                      internal network constraints. One of the key findings is
                      that the coupled flexibility from the heat vector
                      significantly increases active power flexibility, i.e., the
                      range of increase and decrease in its active power during
                      operation. This anchors heat pumps as a linchpin coupling
                      component between electricity and heat in MES. Furthermore,
                      the interdependence between the maximum thermal output of
                      the heat pump and the thermal capacity of the hot water
                      storage tank was quantified by a linear threshold relation,
                      beyond which increasing the size of the heat pump does not
                      improve system flexibility.},
      cin          = {ICE-1},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {1121 - Digitalization and Systems Technology for
                      Flexibility Solutions (POF4-112) / 1122 - Design, Operation
                      and Digitalization of the Future Energy Grids (POF4-112) /
                      1123 - Smart Areas and Research Platforms (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1121 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1123},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126342},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1044816},
}