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@ARTICLE{Derbas:1044821,
      author       = {Derbas, Ghadeer and Xhonneux, André and Müller, Dirk},
      title        = {{A}ssessment of a cloud-based heating controller: {I}mpact
                      on user behaviour, comfort, and perceived control},
      journal      = {Building and environment},
      volume       = {283},
      issn         = {0360-1323},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-03376},
      pages        = {113345 -},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {This study investigates user behaviour, thermal comfort and
                      perceived control in two office buildings, a part of the
                      Living Lab Energy Campus project at Forschungszentrum
                      Jülich, Germany. A questionnaire-based assessment was
                      conducted at the end of the heating season in March 2024,
                      with 91 responses. From January to March 2024, monitored
                      data were collected on indoor and outdoor environmental
                      parameters, occupant-related data, and heating consumption.
                      The findings reveal that distinct heating consumption
                      profiles and indoor environmental conditions may arise from
                      variations in heating system supply, building age, offices
                      orientations, and user preferences. Adaptive opportunities
                      through web-based interfaces (e.g., JuControl) and
                      Thermostat Radiators Valves (TRVs) were associated with
                      reduced thermostat interventions and increased user
                      satisfaction. Contextual factors, including office
                      orientation and desk type (fixed or shared)—significantly
                      influenced thermostat adjustments. The majority of
                      respondents $(74\%)$ felt within the thermal comfort range
                      and $64\%$ preferred to maintain same conditions, reflecting
                      the efficiency of the heating controller. While thermal
                      discomfort was infrequent, occupants typically adjusted
                      clothing or thermostats to maintain comfort, often opening
                      windows for fresh air. Additionally, $82\%$ of respondents
                      consider themselves savvy regarding energy-saving practices,
                      with common measures including shock ventilation and
                      thermostat adjustments if needed. Regression results showed
                      that hybrid control systems—by combining thermostat
                      automation and manual window control—may enhance occupant
                      comfort and perceived control in office environments. These
                      insights inform designers and researchers how to enhance the
                      design and implementation of cloud-based controller to
                      ensure occupant-centric building automation while reducing
                      energy use.},
      cin          = {ICE-1},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {1122 - Design, Operation and Digitalization of the Future
                      Energy Grids (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113345},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1044821},
}