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@ARTICLE{Hall:1045518,
      author       = {Hall, Christopher and Schulze-Küppers, Falk and Bittner,
                      Kai and Büddefeld, Bernd and Margaritis, Nikolaos and
                      Wolters, Jörg and Groß-Barsnick, Sonja and Duarte, Juan
                      Pablo Rincon and Neumann, Nicole Carina and Natour, Ghaleb},
      title        = {{A} {P}roof‐of‐{C}oncept {M}embrane {M}odule {C}oncept
                      for {S}olar {T}hermal {W}ater {S}plitting {U}sing {O}xygen
                      {T}ransport {M}embranes},
      journal      = {Energy technology},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {2194-4288},
      address      = {Weinheim [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-03523},
      pages        = {2402191},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Solar thermal water splitting using oxygen transport
                      membranes enables sustainable hydrogen production and can
                      thus play a key role in the emerging hydrogen economy.
                      Membrane reactors potentially reduce temperature required by
                      shifting the concentration equilibrium, thereby increasing
                      the efficiency of thermal water splitting. This work
                      presents a scaled-up proof-of-concept (PoC) module design
                      for solar thermal water splitting applications utilizing
                      oxygen transport membranes in relevant environments. The PoC
                      module is based on a flexible and scalable stack design with
                      parallel-oriented, membrane-containing layers, which
                      supports the scalability of the concept. Solar heat
                      integration is optimized for direct irradiation by a High
                      Flux Solar Simulator. Key outcomes include focal point
                      adjustments and design modifications using an irradiated
                      copper plate to mitigate hot spots. The PoC module's
                      material concept prevents thermal stresses and ensures
                      gas-tight sealing of the membranes at an operating
                      temperature of 850 °C under reducing and corrosive
                      atmospheres. Optimal flow rates for steam
                      (30–213 mmol min−1) and methane
                      (8–54 mmol min−1) are calculated for the PoC module,
                      resulting in efficient hydrogen (7–51 mmol min−1)
                      and syngas (22–156 mmol min−1) production, using a
                      membrane area of 167 cm2, with H2O and CH4 conversion
                      rates of $25\%$ and $95\%,$ respectively.},
      cin          = {ITE},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ITE-20250108},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1002/ente.202402191},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1045518},
}