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@ARTICLE{Handwerker:1045825,
      author       = {Handwerker, Jan and Barthlott, Christian and Bauckholt,
                      Matteo and Belleflamme, Alexandre and Böhmländer,
                      Alexander and Borg, Erik and Dick, Galina and Dietrich,
                      Peter and Fichtelmann, Bernd and Geppert, Gernot and
                      Görgen, Klaus and Güntner, Andreas and Hammoudeh, Suad and
                      Hervo, Maxime and Hühn, Elias and Kaniyodical Sebastian,
                      Milin and Keller, Jan and Kohler, Martin and Knippertz,
                      Peter and Kunz, Michael and Landmark, Solveig and Li, Yanxia
                      and Mohannazadeh, Mehrdad and Möhler, Ottmar and Morsy,
                      Mona and Najafi, Husain and Nallasamy, Nithila Devi and
                      Oertel, Annika and Rakovec, Oldrich and Reich, Hendrik and
                      Reich, Marvin and Saathoff, Harald and Samaniego, Luis and
                      Schrön, Martin and Schütze, Claudia and Steinert, Thorsten
                      and Vogel, Franziska and Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Weber, Ute
                      and Wieser, Andreas and Zhang, Hengheng},
      title        = {{F}rom initiation of convective storms to their impact —
                      the {S}wabian {MOSES} 2023 campaign in southwestern
                      {G}ermany},
      journal      = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
      volume       = {13},
      issn         = {2296-6463},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-03624},
      pages        = {1555755},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Since a comprehensive understanding of the water cycle
                      cannot be developed by a single discipline alone, several
                      institutes of the Helmholtz Association have joined forces
                      to investigate extreme hydro-meteorological events in the
                      framework of the 10-year “Modular Observation Solutions
                      for Earth Systems” (MOSES) program. A key element of MOSES
                      is conducting joint field experiments accompanied by
                      coordinated modeling activities. A recent example is the
                      “Swabian MOSES” campaign in southwestern Germany in 2021
                      involving several university institutes and the German
                      Weather Service (DWD). In the summer of 2023, a second
                      campaign, “Swabian MOSES 2023″ was conducted that
                      extended and complemented the first one in several ways. The
                      study area was enlarged to stretch from Mount Feldberg in
                      the southern Black Forest to around Tübingen in the Neckar
                      Valley. The former is known for the frequent initiation of
                      thunderstorms, which then intensify and propagate
                      northeastward, causing a hotspot for hail and heavy
                      precipitation in the Neckar Valley. The “trigger area”
                      around Feldberg was equipped with radars, Doppler wind
                      lidars, radiosondes, a microwave radiometer, energy balance
                      stations, meteorological towers, hail sensors, Global
                      Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, and optical
                      disdrometers. The downstream “impact area”, in
                      particular in the Lindach Valley, a small catchment near
                      Tübingen, was equipped with two energy balance stations, a
                      cosmic ray neutron sensing (CNRS) sensor, a gravimeter, hail
                      sensors, and optical disdrometers for detailed studies of
                      the hydrological impacts. A mobile CRNS device carried out
                      measuring tours through the impact area, and a mobile
                      storm-chasing team launched swarmsondes into several
                      thunderstorms. These observational data are used to validate
                      meteorological (ICON, ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic) and
                      hydrological (mHM, ParFlow) models. This paper describes the
                      concept of the observation campaign and the accompanying
                      modeling activities and shows some illustrative first
                      results. In the future, we plan to assimilate the campaign
                      observations into the high-resolution numerical model ICON
                      to (i) bridge gaps between observations and (ii) assess the
                      impact of additional observations on the model analysis and
                      forecasts using targeted data denial experiments.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.3389/feart.2025.1555755},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1045825},
}