TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Z.
AU  - Buitenhuis, J.
AU  - Cukkemane, A.
AU  - Brocker, M.
AU  - Bott, M.
AU  - Dhont, J. K. G.
TI  - Charge reversal of the rodlike colloidal fd virus through surface chemical modification
JO  - Langmuir
VL  - 26
SN  - 0743-7463
CY  - Washington, DC
PB  - ACS Publ.
M1  - PreJuSER-10463
SP  - 10593 - 10599
PY  - 2010
N1  - We thank Pavlik Lettinga for stimulating discussions and Eric Grelet from CRPP for assistance with the characterization of the liquid-crystalline phase. Z.Z. also thanks Prof. Jan Vermant (K.U. Leuven) for his generous support during the preparation of this manuscript through EU-funded Nano-direct FP7-NMP-2007-SMALL-I project 213948.
AB  - There is increasing interest in the use of viruses as model systems for fundamental research and as templates for nanomaterials. In this work, the rodlike fd virus was subjected to chemical modifications targeting different solvent-exposed functional groups in order to tune its surface properties, especially reversing the surface charge from negative to positive. The carboxyl groups of fd were coupled with different kinds of organic amines by carbodiimide chemistry, resulting in modified viruses that are positively charged over a wide range of pH. Care was taken to minimize intervirus cross linking, which often occurs because of such modifications. The surface amino groups were also grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) end-functionalized with an active succinimidyl ester in order to introduce a steric stabilization effect. By combining charge reversal with PEG grafting, a reversible attraction between positively and negatively charged PEG-grafted fd viruses could be realized, which was tuned by the ionic strength of the solution. In addition, a charge-reversed fd virus forms only a pure nematic phase in contrast to the cholesteric phase of the wild type. These modified viruses might be used as model systems in soft condensed matter physics, for example, in the study of polyelectrolyte complexes or lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase behavior.
KW  - Electrophoresis
KW  - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
KW  - Esters: chemistry
KW  - Isoelectric Point
KW  - Models, Chemical
KW  - Nanostructures: chemistry
KW  - Polyethylene Glycols: chemistry
KW  - Scattering, Radiation
KW  - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
KW  - Surface Properties
KW  - Viruses: chemistry
KW  - Esters (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Polyethylene Glycols (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:20433147
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000279239900029
DO  - DOI:10.1021/la100740e
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/10463
ER  -