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@ARTICLE{Zhang:10463,
      author       = {Zhang, Z. and Buitenhuis, J. and Cukkemane, A. and Brocker,
                      M. and Bott, M. and Dhont, J. K. G.},
      title        = {{C}harge reversal of the rodlike colloidal fd virus through
                      surface chemical modification},
      journal      = {Langmuir},
      volume       = {26},
      issn         = {0743-7463},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publ.},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-10463},
      pages        = {10593 - 10599},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {We thank Pavlik Lettinga for stimulating discussions and
                      Eric Grelet from CRPP for assistance with the
                      characterization of the liquid-crystalline phase. Z.Z. also
                      thanks Prof. Jan Vermant (K.U. Leuven) for his generous
                      support during the preparation of this manuscript through
                      EU-funded Nano-direct FP7-NMP-2007-SMALL-I project 213948.},
      abstract     = {There is increasing interest in the use of viruses as model
                      systems for fundamental research and as templates for
                      nanomaterials. In this work, the rodlike fd virus was
                      subjected to chemical modifications targeting different
                      solvent-exposed functional groups in order to tune its
                      surface properties, especially reversing the surface charge
                      from negative to positive. The carboxyl groups of fd were
                      coupled with different kinds of organic amines by
                      carbodiimide chemistry, resulting in modified viruses that
                      are positively charged over a wide range of pH. Care was
                      taken to minimize intervirus cross linking, which often
                      occurs because of such modifications. The surface amino
                      groups were also grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)
                      end-functionalized with an active succinimidyl ester in
                      order to introduce a steric stabilization effect. By
                      combining charge reversal with PEG grafting, a reversible
                      attraction between positively and negatively charged
                      PEG-grafted fd viruses could be realized, which was tuned by
                      the ionic strength of the solution. In addition, a
                      charge-reversed fd virus forms only a pure nematic phase in
                      contrast to the cholesteric phase of the wild type. These
                      modified viruses might be used as model systems in soft
                      condensed matter physics, for example, in the study of
                      polyelectrolyte complexes or lyotropic liquid-crystalline
                      phase behavior.},
      keywords     = {Electrophoresis / Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel /
                      Esters: chemistry / Isoelectric Point / Models, Chemical /
                      Nanostructures: chemistry / Polyethylene Glycols: chemistry
                      / Scattering, Radiation / Spectrometry, Mass,
                      Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Surface
                      Properties / Viruses: chemistry / Esters (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Polyethylene Glycols (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBT-1 / IFF-7},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB55 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB787},
      pnm          = {Biotechnologie (FUEK410) / 450 - BioSoft (POF2-400) /
                      NANODIRECT - Toolbox for Directed and Controlled
                      Self-Assembly of nano-Colloids (213948)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK410 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-450 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)213948},
      shelfmark    = {Chemistry, Multidisciplinary / Chemistry, Physical /
                      Materials Science, Multidisciplinary},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:20433147},
      UT           = {WOS:000279239900029},
      doi          = {10.1021/la100740e},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/10463},
}