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@INPROCEEDINGS{Schatz:1046699,
      author       = {Schatz, Michael and Jovanovic, Sven and Borowec, Julian and
                      Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and Hausen, Florian and Granwehr, Josef},
      title        = {{A} {PEM} {E}lectrolysis {C}ell for {I}n {O}perando {NMR}
                      and {MRI} {I}nvestigations of {MEA} {D}egradation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-03918},
      pages        = {1-9},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is a promising
                      process for sustainable hydrogen production, but its
                      commercialization is delayed by high costs and elusive
                      degradation of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) [1]. In
                      operando Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic
                      Resonance Imaging (MRI) offer the potential to investigate
                      degradation mechanisms during electrolysis, and thus,
                      provide highly relevant insights for enhanced performance
                      [2,3].In a first part of this contribution, a
                      custom-designed miniature PEM electrolysis cell is
                      presented, fitting the spatial constraints of a 1H coil of a
                      commercially available imaging probe. In contrast to
                      tailor-made probes [2,3], this approach allows for a broader
                      range of NMR experiments – including not only 1H
                      spectroscopy and T1 and T2 relaxometry, but also the first
                      MRI and diffusion measurements on operating PEM electrolysis
                      cells. The key design feature was a sealing concept without
                      screws, utilizing O-rings in combination with precise
                      compression geometry. Uniform electrical contacting
                      minimizing metal content in the NMR-sensitive volume was
                      validated via microelectrode voltage mapping. The inlet
                      water temperature was controlled between 60 and 80 °C using
                      a non-magnetic heat tube.The functionality of the newly
                      developed NMR cell is demonstrated by electrochemical and
                      NMR experiments in the second part of the contribution. The
                      1H signal-to-noise ratio and resolution allowed chemical
                      shift analysis, while T1/T2 contrast enabled differentiation
                      between MEA and water signals. MRI revealed water and gas
                      bubble distribution during operation. Impedance spectroscopy
                      and cyclic voltammetry results were consistent with labscale
                      PEM electrolysis.This novel in operando NMR cell provides an
                      effective method for investigating degradation phenomena
                      during long-term PEM electrolysis experiments, leveraging
                      the wide variety of experiments available with commercial
                      probes.},
      month         = {Jul},
      date          = {2025-07-01},
      organization  = {EFCF 2025: Low-Temp. Fuel Cells,
                       Electrolysers $\&$ H2 Processing,
                       Lucerne (Switzerland), 1 Jul 2025 - 4
                       Jul 2025},
      cin          = {IET-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1046699},
}