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@ARTICLE{Bock:1046827,
      author       = {Bock, Otmar and Huang, Ju-Yi and Wigge, Maike and Bieche,
                      Chiara and Kehm, Christina and Richter, Nils and Fink,
                      Gereon Rudolf and Onur, Oezguer A},
      title        = {{R}oute-following deficits in amnestic mild cognitive
                      impairment: {I}s the dual encoding of route-following
                      strategies impaired?},
      journal      = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease},
      volume       = {108(2)},
      number       = {108(2)},
      issn         = {1387-2877},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {IOS Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-03982},
      pages        = {13872877251378658},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {post print upload 09.10.25 2025 Nov;108(2):606-615. Epub
                      2025 Sep 19. This research was funded by the Marga und
                      Walter Boll Foundation (OB: grant number 210-05.01-21; OAO
                      and GRF: grant number 210-08-13).},
      abstract     = {BackgroundOne of the earliest signs of amnestic mild
                      cognitive impairment (MCI) and neurodegenerative dementia
                      (ND) is spatial disorientation, e.g., getting lost on
                      previously familiar routes. Healthy individuals often follow
                      routes by combining two strategies, serial recall of
                      directions and cue-direction associations, but the
                      integration of these two strategies may be degraded in
                      amnestic MCI and ND.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether impaired
                      integration of the two strategies (dual encoding)
                      contributes to the route-following deficits in amnestic
                      MCI.MethodsTwenty-five patients with amnestic MCI and 25
                      age-matched healthy controls (HC) followed routes through
                      virtual mazes that allowed the use of the serial order
                      strategy only (maze S), the associative cue strategy only
                      (maze A), or both strategies (maze SA).ResultsFor longer
                      routes, accuracy in maze SA exceeded that in mazes S and A,
                      confirming the existence of a dual encoding benefit. The
                      magnitude of this benefit was comparable in both groups. In
                      contrast, performance on an additional dual-task test was
                      poorer in MCI than in HC.ConclusionsWe attribute the
                      dissociation between preserved dual encoding and impaired
                      dual-tasking in amnestic MCI not to fundamental differences
                      in the underlying mechanisms, but rather to the different
                      ecological validity of the two experimental paradigms. Our
                      findings suggest that spatial orientation training in
                      amnestic MCI need not target dual encoding.Keywords:
                      cognitive strategies; decision-making; spatial navigation;
                      wayfinding.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1177/13872877251378658},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1046827},
}