TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rogers, J.
AU  - Kochunov, P.
AU  - Zilles, K.
AU  - Shelledy, W.
AU  - Lancaster, J.
AU  - Thompson, P.
AU  - Duggirala, R.
AU  - Blangero, J.
AU  - Fox, P.T.
AU  - Glahn, D.C.
TI  - On the genetic architecture of coritcal folding and brain volume in primates
JO  - NeuroImage
VL  - 53
SN  - 1053-8119
CY  - Orlando, Fla.
PB  - Academic Press
M1  - PreJuSER-10473
SP  - 1103 - 1108
PY  - 2010
N1  - This work was supported in part by grants from the US National Institute of Mental Health (MH078111, MH059490, and MH078143), the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (K01 EB006395) and the National Center for Research Resources base grant to the Southwest National Primate Research Center (P51-RR013986). We are grateful to the participants in the Genetics of Brain Structure Study. The supercomputing facilities used for this work at the AT&T Genetics Computing Center were supported in part by a gift from the AT&T Foundation. The work was carried out in facilities that were constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement grants C06-RR013556, C06-RR015456 and C06-RR014578 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH. We also wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful recommendations.
AB  - Understanding the evolutionary forces that produced the human brain is a central problem in neuroscience and human biology. Comparisons across primate species show that both brain volume and gyrification (the degree of folding in the cerebral cortex) have progressively increased during primate evolution and there is a strong positive correlation between these two traits across primate species. The human brain is exceptional among primates in both total volume and gyrification, and therefore understanding the genetic mechanisms influencing variation in these traits will improve our understanding of a landmark feature of our species. Here we show that individual variation in gyrification is significantly heritable in both humans and an Old World monkey (baboons, Papio hamadryas). Furthermore, contrary to expectations based on the positive phenotypic correlation across species, the genetic correlation between cerebral volume and gyrification within both humans and baboons is estimated as negative. These results suggest that the positive relationship between cerebral volume and cortical folding across species cannot be explained by one set of selective pressures or genetic changes. Our data suggest that one set of selective pressures favored the progressive increase in brain volume documented in the primate fossil record, and that a second independent selective process, possibly related to parturition and neonatal brain size, may have favored brains with progressively greater cortical folding. Without a second separate selective pressure, natural selection favoring increased brain volume would be expected to produce less folded, more lissencephalic brains. These results provide initial evidence for the heritability of gyrification, and possibly a new perspective on the evolutionary mechanisms underlying long-term changes in the nonhuman primate and human brain.
KW  - Animals
KW  - Biological Evolution
KW  - Cerebral Cortex: anatomy & histology
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
KW  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
KW  - Male
KW  - Papio: anatomy & histology
KW  - Primates: anatomy & histology
KW  - Species Specificity
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:20176115
C2  - pmc:PMC3137430
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000282039300036
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.020
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/10473
ER  -