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@ARTICLE{Pfalzner:1047342,
      author       = {Pfalzner, Susanne and Wagner, Frank W. and Gibbon, Paul},
      title        = {{T}rans-{N}eptunian {O}bject {C}olors as {E}vidence for a
                      {P}ast {C}lose {S}tellar {F}lyby to the {S}olar {S}ystem},
      journal      = {The astrophysical journal / Part 2},
      volume       = {992},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2041-8205},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Institute of Physics Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-04242},
      pages        = {L32 -},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Thousands of small bodies, known as trans-Neptunian objects
                      (TNOs), orbit the Sun beyond Neptune. TNOs are remnants of
                      the planets’ formation from a disk of gas and dust, so it
                      is puzzling that they move mostly on eccentric orbits
                      inclined to the planetary plane and show a complex
                      red-to-gray color distribution. A close stellar flyby can
                      account for the TNOs’ dynamics, but it is unclear if this
                      can also explain the correlation between their colors and
                      orbital characteristics. Assuming an initial red-to-gray
                      color gradient in the disk, our numerical study finds that
                      the spiral arms induced by the stellar flyby simultaneously
                      lead to the observed TNOs’ color patterns and orbital
                      dynamics. The combined explanation of these TNO properties
                      strengthens the evidence for a close flyby of another star
                      to the young solar system. Our study predicts that (1) small
                      TNOs beyond 60 au will mostly be gray, and (2) retrograde
                      TNOs will lack the color most common to high-inclination
                      TNOs. The anticipated TNO discoveries by the Vera Rubin
                      telescope will be able to test these predictions. A
                      confirmed flyby would allow us to reveal the chemical
                      composition of the solar system’s primordial disk.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {520},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e74},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1047342},
}