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@INPROCEEDINGS{Kreutle:1047461,
      author       = {Kreutle, Manuel and Niemeyer, Irmgard and Aymanns,
                      Katharina},
      title        = {{S}teps {T}owards a {D}igital {T}win for {S}afeguards in
                      {N}uclear {W}aste {M}anagement},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-04323},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Member states of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
                      Nuclear Weapons that are not listed as nuclear weapons
                      states are subject to international safeguards in order to
                      ensure that no nuclear material is diverted or facilities
                      are misused with the aim of building nuclear weapons. With
                      that objective, the International Atomic Energy Agency
                      (IAEA) and other safeguards authorities use technical
                      measures such as seals, closed-circuit television (CCTV)
                      cameras, radiation detectors or laser scanners in civil
                      nuclear facilities. During the process of nuclear waste
                      management, safeguards are applied in interim storage
                      facilities and deep geological repositories to spent nuclear
                      fuel, other nuclear waste forms, as well as casks and
                      containers containing this material. These monitoring
                      systems over the past have grown in complexity, produce
                      large amounts of data and become more and more
                      interconnected and automated. At the same time, digital twin
                      concepts increasingly gain popularity in industry contexts
                      while enabling technologies, e.g. high-performance computing
                      and machine learning, become more easily available. This
                      poster explores the topic of digital twins for safeguards in
                      nuclear waste management by presenting models and software
                      modules. At the core of our approach lies a monitoring
                      system model implemented via a PostgreSQL database that
                      incorporates data traces obtained from inspection data and
                      facility operators’ declarations. To support interaction
                      with the model, we provide a Python API that enables
                      manipulation and tracking of the model state over time from
                      an operator and an inspectorate perspective. Also presented
                      here are the project’s continuous integration of tests,
                      the automated deployment of its documentation, and its
                      graphical user interface (GUI) which is implemented via a
                      plotly-powered dash app. Beyond modeling, data storage and
                      visualization, the presented software is capable of
                      simulating different physical aspects such as neutron and
                      gamma radiation as well as light detection and ranging
                      (LiDAR) and it offers the possibility to generate synthetic
                      data for compliance and diversion scenarios. The use of this
                      synthetic data for the training of machine learning
                      algorithms for experimental design optimization and anomaly
                      detection is discussed. Finally, the poster will provide an
                      outline of the envisioned scaling of this prototype software
                      into a larger digital twin framework capable of processing
                      and analyzing real measurement data can be alongside the
                      synthetic data. The presented work aims at supporting and
                      facilitating remote monitoring, the development of new
                      safeguards techniques, as well as education and training,
                      while aspiring to incorporate good practices of research
                      software engineering.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2025-10-06},
      organization  = {USRSE'25 Conference, Philadelpha, PA
                       (USA), 6 Oct 2025 - 8 Oct 2025},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      keywords     = {Nuclear waste management (Other) / Digital twins (Other) /
                      Nuclear safeguards (Other)},
      pnm          = {1411 - Nuclear Waste Disposal (POF4-141) / Neu- und
                      Weiterentwicklung von Konzepten, Methoden und Techniken für
                      die internationale Kernmaterialüberwachung, insbesondere im
                      Rahmen der nuklearen Entsorgung (SAFEGUARDS-3) (02W6279)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1411 / G:(BMWi)02W6279},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      doi          = {10.5281/ZENODO.17274021},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1047461},
}