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@INPROCEEDINGS{Lober:1047536,
      author       = {Lober, Melissa and Bouhadjar, Younes and Diesmann, Markus
                      and Tetzlaff, Tom},
      title        = {{L}earning sequence timing and controlling recall speed in
                      networks of spiking neurons},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-04366},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Processing sequential inputs is a fundamental aspect of
                      brain function, underlying tasks such as sensory perception,
                      reading, and mathematical reasoning. At the core of the
                      cortical algorithm, sequence processing involves learning
                      the order and timing of elements, predicting future events,
                      detecting unexpected deviations, and recalling learned
                      sequences. The spiking Temporal Memory (sTM) model
                      (Bouhadjar, 2022), a biologically inspired spiking neuronal
                      network, provides a framework for key aspects of sequence
                      processing. In its original version, however, it can not
                      learn the timing of sequence elements. Further, it remains
                      an open question how the speed of sequential recall can be
                      flexibly modulated. We propose a mechanism in which the
                      duration of sequence elements is represented by repeated
                      activations of element specific neuronal populations. The
                      sTM model can thereby represent even long time intervals,
                      providing a biologically plausible basis for learning and
                      recalling not only the order of sequence elements, but also
                      complex rhythms. Additionally, we demonstrate that
                      oscillatory background inputs can serve as a clock signal
                      and thereby provide a robust mechanism for controlling the
                      speed of sequence recall. Modulation of oscillation
                      frequency and amplitude enable a stable recall across a wide
                      range of speeds,offering a biologically relevant strategy
                      for flexible temporal adaptation. Our findings suggest that
                      time is encoded by unique and sparse spatio-temporal
                      patterns of neural activity, and that the speed of sequence
                      recall during wakefulness and sleep is correlated to the
                      characteristics of global oscillatory activity, as observed
                      in EEG or LFP recordings. In summary, our results contribute
                      to the understanding of sequence processing and time
                      representation in the brain.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2025-09-29},
      organization  = {Bernstein Conference, Frankfurt
                       (Germany), 29 Sep 2025 - 2 Oct 2025},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IAS-6 / PGI-15 / INM-10},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-6-20130828 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-15-20210701 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)INM-10-20170113},
      pnm          = {5231 - Neuroscientific Foundations (POF4-523) / 5232 -
                      Computational Principles (POF4-523) / MetaMoSim - Generic
                      metadata management for reproducible
                      high-performance-computing simulation workflows - MetaMoSim
                      (ZT-I-PF-3-026) / EBRAINS 2.0 - EBRAINS 2.0: A Research
                      Infrastructure to Advance Neuroscience and Brain Health
                      (101147319) / $HiRSE_PS$ - Helmholtz Platform for Research
                      Software Engineering - Preparatory Study
                      $(HiRSE_PS-20220812)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5231 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5232 /
                      G:(DE-Juel-1)ZT-I-PF-3-026 / G:(EU-Grant)101147319 /
                      $G:(DE-Juel-1)HiRSE_PS-20220812$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2025-04366},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1047536},
}