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@ARTICLE{Wetzel:1047544,
      author       = {Wetzel, Gerald and Kleinert, Anne and Johansson, Sören and
                      Friedl-Vallon, Felix and Höpfner, Michael and Ungermann,
                      Jörn and Neubert, Tom and Catoire, Valéry and Crevoisier,
                      Cyril and Engel, Andreas and Gulde, Thomas and Jacquet,
                      Patrick and Kirner, Oliver and Kretschmer, Erik and Kulessa,
                      Thomas and Laube, Johannes C. and Maucher, Guido and
                      Nordmeyer, Hans and Piesch, Christof and Preusse, Peter and
                      Retzlaff, Markus and Schardt, Georg and Schillings, Johan
                      and Schneider, Herbert and Schönfeld, Axel and Schuck,
                      Tanja and Woiwode, Wolfgang and Riese, Martin and Braesicke,
                      Peter},
      title        = {{I}ntercomparison and validation of first {GLORIA}-{B}
                      measurements of stratospheric and upper tropospheric
                      long-lived tracers and photochemically active species},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {21},
      issn         = {1867-1381},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-04370},
      pages        = {5873 - 5894},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Accurate observations of the vertical distribution and
                      variability of atmospheric trace gases are essential for
                      understanding chemical processes, validating atmospheric
                      models, and monitoring the impact of anthropogenic emissions
                      on climate and ozone. The Gimballed Limb Observer for
                      Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) is a
                      limb-imaging Fourier-Transform Spectrometer (iFTS) designed
                      to provide high-resolution mid-infrared spectra in the
                      780–1400 cm−1 wavenumber range. Originally developed
                      for aircraft, the instrument has now been adapted for
                      stratospheric balloon deployment (GLORIA-B) to extend its
                      observational range from the middle troposphere to the
                      middle stratosphere. GLORIA-B completed its first flight
                      from Kiruna (Sweden) in August 2021 and a second from
                      Timmins (Canada) in August 2022 as part of the EU Research
                      Infrastructure HEMERA (Integrated access to balloon-borne
                      platforms for innovative research and technology). The main
                      objectives of these flights were technical qualification and
                      the provision of a first imaging hyperspectral limb-emission
                      dataset from 5 to 36 km altitude. Here, we present a
                      characterization and validation of GLORIA-B performance
                      using vertical volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles retrieved
                      from the August 2021 flight. Comparisons with in-situ
                      measurements (ozonesonde, MegaAirCore, and cryosampler) show
                      agreement within $10 \%$ for O3, CH4, SF6, and CFC-12, and
                      within $10 \%–20 \%$ for CFC-11, HCFC-22, and CFC-113
                      up to 18 km, with larger deviations above this altitude.
                      Another objective is analyzing diurnal changes in
                      photochemically active species (N2O5, NO2, ClONO2, BrONO2).
                      Observed VMR variations align well with simulations from the
                      EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) chemistry-climate
                      model, though absolute concentrations differ to a certain
                      extent. Nighttime BrONO2 measurements allowed an estimate of
                      lower stratospheric Bry (20.4 ± 2.5 pptv). These
                      results demonstrate the suitability of balloon-borne
                      limb-imaging spectroscopy for providing high-quality
                      vertical trace gas profiles, offering valuable new data to
                      improve our understanding of stratospheric composition and
                      to support the validation of atmospheric models.},
      cin          = {ICE-4},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)467086066 - Seasonalität, Variabilität und
                      Trends von halogenisierten Spurengasen in der UTLS (C04)
                      (467086066)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112 / G:(GEPRIS)467086066},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-18-5873-2025},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1047544},
}