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001047627 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.34734/FZJ-2025-04427
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001047627 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)184311$$aRay, Debes$$b0
001047627 245__ $$aElectric field-induced control of protein crystal morphology
001047627 260__ $$aLondon$$bRoyal Soc. of Chemistry$$c2025
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001047627 520__ $$aIn a previous study (D. Ray, et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2024, 15, 8108–8113), we found that an alternating electric field considerably affects the location of the crystallization boundary and the liquid–liquid phase separation line as well as crystallization kinetics in lysozyme solutions containing sodium thiocyanate(NaSCN). The present study extends this work by investigating the influence of the same electric field on the microscopic appearance of lysozyme crystals as they form from a supersaturated solution. We observe a variety of distinct crystal morphologies, which we classify as single- and multi-armcrystals, flower-like crystal structures, whiskers, and sea-urchin crystals. Crystal morphologies exhibit significant variations with changes in protein and salt concentrations, and the electric field strongly altersthe morphology-state diagram in the protein-versus-salt concentration plane. This alteration is likely due to the field effect on protein–protein interactions. We believe the effect is mediated by the field enhancedadsorption of SCN ions to the surface of lysozyme, ultimately driving the observed changes in crystallization behavior. These findings offer insights into how electric fields can be used to control crystal formation and morphology in protein systems.
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001047627 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)130749$$aKang, Kyongok$$b1$$eCorresponding author
001047627 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMadani$$b2
001047627 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)130616$$aDhont, Jan K. G.$$b3
001047627 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)180761$$aPlatten, Florian$$b4$$eCorresponding author
001047627 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2191476-X$$a10.1039/d5sm00181a$$p3012-3021$$tSoft matter$$v21$$x1744-683X$$y2025
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