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@ARTICLE{Lee:1048141,
      author       = {Lee, Namkyu and Wiegand, Simone},
      title        = {3{D}-manufactured non-isothermal glass cell for
                      thermophoretic measurements},
      journal      = {Applied thermal engineering},
      volume       = {284},
      issn         = {1359-4311},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-04521},
      pages        = {128994},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {Thermophoresis, the migration of particles within a thermal
                      gradient, presents opportunities in diverse fields ranging
                      from biotechnology to energy applications. The
                      quantification of this phenomenon, described by the Soret
                      coefficient $(S_T),$ requires precise control over
                      non-isothermal conditions, which is challenging to achieve
                      in conventional microfluidic devices. However, conventional
                      polymer-based cells are limited by a significant temperature
                      drop across the material and susceptibility to the adhesion
                      of colloidal particles. Recently, 3D-manufactured glass
                      cells have been shown to produce a non-isothermal
                      temperature field in a microchannel for inducing a
                      significant temperature gradient due to high thermal
                      conductivity, which enables temperature-dependent analysis
                      of thermophoresis. Herein, we present a 3D-manufactured
                      glass microfluidic cell for measuring the Soret coefficient
                      under controlled temperature gradients. The cell produces a
                      stable and a large temperature gradient across the channel
                      which allows multi-temperature measurements without
                      adjusting hot and cold water temperatures. The measured
                      Soret coefficient by the glass cell across a temperature
                      range of 20 °C to 30 °C shows close agreement with the
                      benchmark measurement data. These results show that the
                      3D-manufactured glass cell can not only quantify the Soret
                      coefficient but can also function as a solvent-resistant
                      device, suitable for complex biological and chemical
                      solutions.},
      cin          = {IBI-4},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-4-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128994},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1048141},
}