TY - EJOUR AU - Schiffer, Christian AU - Boztoprak, Zeynep AU - Kropp, Jan-Oliver AU - Thönnißen, Julia AU - Berr, Katia AU - Spitzer, Hannah AU - Amunts, Katrin AU - Dickscheid, Timo TI - CytoNet: A Foundation Model for the Human Cerebral Cortex PB - arXiv M1 - FZJ-2025-04528 PY - 2025 AB - To study how the human brain works, we need to explore the organization of the cerebral cortex and its detailed cellular architecture. We introduce CytoNet, a foundation model that encodes high-resolution microscopic image patches of the cerebral cortex into highly expressive feature representations, enabling comprehensive brain analyses. CytoNet employs self-supervised learning using spatial proximity as a powerful training signal, without requiring manual labelling. The resulting features are anatomically sound and biologically relevant. They encode general aspects of cortical architecture and unique brain-specific traits. We demonstrate top-tier performance in tasks such as cortical area classification, cortical layer segmentation, cell morphology estimation, and unsupervised brain region mapping. As a foundation model, CytoNet offers a consistent framework for studying cortical microarchitecture, supporting analyses of its relationship with other structural and functional brain features, and paving the way for diverse neuroscientific investigations. KW - Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC) (Other) KW - Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) (Other) KW - Machine Learning (cs.LG) (Other) KW - FOS: Biological sciences (Other) KW - FOS: Computer and information sciences (Other) KW - I.2.6; I.2.10; I.4.7; I.5.1; I.5.4 (Other) LB - PUB:(DE-HGF)25 DO - DOI:10.48550/ARXIV.2511.01870 UR - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1048160 ER -