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@ARTICLE{Borghans:1048917,
      author       = {Borghans, Bart and Dmitrieva, Natalia and Nikiforov,
                      Aleksandr and Fahlke, Christoph},
      title        = {{V}esicular and plasma membrane glutamate transporters},
      journal      = {Frontiers in biophysics},
      volume       = {3},
      issn         = {2813-7183},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media SA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-05016},
      pages        = {1693508},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {The author(s) declare that financial support was received
                      for theresearch and/or publication of this article. This
                      work was supportedby the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
                      (DFG, German ResearchFoundation) to CF (FA 301/13-1) as part
                      of the Research Unit FOR2795 (Synapses under stress).},
      abstract     = {Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
                      mammalian centralnervous system. After exocytotic release
                      from presynaptic nerve terminals,glutamate diffuses across
                      the synaptic cleft and opens postsynaptic
                      ionotropicglutamate receptors, thus depolarizing the
                      postsynaptic neuron. Synaptic activityis terminated by rapid
                      and efficient uptake into surrounding neurons and
                      glialcells. The function of a glutamatergic synapse thus
                      critically depends on twodistinct transport systems:
                      vesicular and plasma membrane glutamatetransporters.
                      Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) accumulate
                      glutamatein synaptic vesicles and determine the amount of
                      released glutamate. Plasmamembrane glutamate transporters
                      (excitatory amino acid transporters, EAATs)clear the
                      synaptic cleft from glutamate, setting the time resolution
                      and energydemand of glutamatergic synaptic signaling. Both
                      classes of glutamatetransporters are not only
                      secondary-active transporters, but also function aschloride
                      channels, with different roles in chloride and glutamate
                      homeostasis.Despite similar transport functions, VGLUTs and
                      EAATs are structurally diverseand employ different molecular
                      mechanisms to overcome the same chemicalchallenges. We here
                      review recent progress in understanding the molecular
                      andcellular biophysics of vesicular glutamate transporters
                      and compare theirproperties with plasma membrane glutamate
                      transporters.},
      cin          = {IBI-1},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-1-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524) / DFG project G:(GEPRIS)394431587 - FOR 2795:
                      Synapsen unter Stress: akute Veränderungen durch mangelnde
                      Energiezufuhr an glutamatergen Synapsen (394431587)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241 / G:(GEPRIS)394431587},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.3389/frbis.2025.1693508},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1048917},
}