% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{PaasOliveros:1048964,
      author       = {Paas Oliveros, Lya K. and Poeppl, Timm B. and Reuter, Niels
                      and Patil, Kaustubh R. and Kreuzer, Sarah and Tse, Nga Yan
                      and Cash, Robin F. H. and Hoffstaedter, Felix and Eickhoff,
                      Simon B. and Müller, Veronika I.},
      title        = {{U}nveiling the {M}ultifaceted {N}etworks of the {L}eft
                      {DLPFC} for {P}recision {TMS} {T}argeting},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-05061},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) is the
                      standard target for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
                      to ameliorate treatment-resistant depression (TRD), yet
                      non-response rates remain high. TMS efficacy has been linked
                      to the stimulation site’s functional connectivity,
                      particularly its anti-correlation with the subgenual
                      cingulate cortex (SGC). While this pragmatic strategy has
                      demonstrated clinical utility, it offers limited insight
                      into how the lDLPFC’s network interactions contribute to
                      site-dependent variability in treatment response. Here, we
                      used connectivity-based parcellation within an lDLPFC region
                      encompassing common TMS targets and adjacent areas to
                      delineate functional subdivisions and characterize their
                      connectivity to large-scale networks and behavioral
                      associations. Our results revealed a hierarchical
                      organization: a coarse two-pole antagonism between
                      anterior-central and superior-posterior subregions and a
                      finer nine-cluster architecture exposing lDLPFC’s
                      heterogeneity along anterior-posterior and ventral-dorsal
                      axes. Anterior-central areas were strongly anti-correlated
                      with SGC and default-mode network, positively connected with
                      salience, dorsal attention, and control networks, and
                      associated with cognitive control. In contrast,
                      superior-posterior subregions displayed the inverse pattern,
                      while ventral clusters engaged somatomotor and visual
                      networks, and language-related processes. Central and
                      superior-anterior clusters showed differentiated profiles,
                      including associations with inhibition, social cognition,
                      and perceptual functions. To aid clinical translation, we
                      derived an lDLPFC likelihood map integrating granularities,
                      highlighting anterior-central lDLPFC as the strongest TMS
                      candidate considering the relevance of its connectivity and
                      behavioral profiles to depression, while indicating that
                      neighboring subregions have distinct functions. These
                      findings underscore the lDLPFC’s hierarchical and
                      heterogeneous organization and provide a network-informed
                      reference for developing individualized, symptom-specific
                      TMS interventions.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      doi          = {10.1101/2025.11.19.689337},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1048964},
}