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@ARTICLE{Konopka:1049203,
      author       = {Konopka, Paul and Ploeger, Felix and D'Amato, Francesco and
                      Campos, Teresa and von Hobe, Marc and Honomichl, Shawn B.
                      and Hoor, Peter and Pan, Laura L. and Santee, Michelle L.
                      and Viciani, Silvia and Walker, Kaley A. and Hegglin,
                      Michaela I.},
      title        = {{I}sentropic mixing vs. convection in
                      {CL}a{MS}-3.0/{MESS}y: evaluation using satellite
                      climatologies and in situ carbon monoxide observations},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {23},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-05285},
      pages        = {17973 - 17996},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Lagrangian modeling of transport, as implemented in the
                      Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS),
                      connects the advective (reversible) component of transport
                      along 3D trajectories with mixing, the irreversible
                      component. Here, we investigate the interplay between
                      strongly localized convective uplifts and large-scale flow
                      dynamics in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
                      (UTLS). We revisit the Lagrangian formulation of convection
                      in CLaMS-3.0/MESSy, driven by ECMWF's ERA5 reanalysis, and
                      further develop the model. These developments include
                      refining spatial resolution in the Planetary Boundary Layer
                      (PBL) and decoupling the frequency of the adaptive grid
                      procedure – which captures isentropic mixing and redefines
                      Lagrangian air parcels – from the parameterization of
                      convection.To improve the model's UTLS transport
                      representation, particularly from the PBL over days to
                      weeks, we derive zonally and seasonally resolved
                      climatologies of CO partial columns (XCO, spanning
                      147–68 hPa) and compare them with Microwave Limb Sounder
                      (MLS) and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform
                      Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) observations, as well as in situ
                      data. Incorporating a parameterization for unresolved
                      convection significantly improves CO anomaly representation
                      in the UTLS, particularly in capturing seasonal and spatial
                      patterns. While the simulated absolute XCO values align
                      better with ACE-FTS, the model reproduces MLS anomalies more
                      accurately, suggesting MLS better represents CO variability.
                      In situ observations in the boreal polar region generally
                      support lower ACE-FTS CO values, while MLS better represents
                      CO enhancements in air affected by the Asian summer monsoon
                      above 10 km.},
      cin          = {ICE-4},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-25-17973-2025},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1049203},
}