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@ARTICLE{Heger:1049987,
      author       = {Heger, Julian E. and Reitenbach, Julija and Kreuzer, Lucas
                      P. and Pan, Guangjiu and Tian, Ting and Huber, Linus F. and
                      Li, Nian and Sochor, Benedikt and Schwartzkopf, Matthias and
                      Roth, Stephan V. and Koutsioumpas, Alexandros and
                      Müller-Buschbaum, Peter},
      title        = {{T}uning the {M}orphology of {S}pray-{C}oated {B}iohybrid
                      {B}eta-lactoglobulin:{T}i{BALD}h {F}ilms with p{H} for
                      {W}ater-{B}ased and {N}anostructured {T}itania},
      journal      = {JACS Au},
      volume       = {5},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2691-3704},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-05701},
      pages        = {1894 - 1902},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The whey protein beta-lactoglobulin (β-lg) is used as a
                      biotemplate for the water-based synthesis of nanostructured
                      and foam-like titania films based on its variation in
                      supramolecular structure when denatured at different pH
                      values. Acting as a matrix, β-lg is mixed with the
                      water-soluble titania precursor Ti(IV) bis(ammonium
                      lactate)dihydroxide (TiBALDh) to promote biotemplated
                      titania precipitation. Since TiBALDh is in chemical
                      equilibrium with anatase titania nanoparticles and
                      Ti(IV)-lactate complexes, and this equilibrium shifts with
                      varying pH, the influence of the pH value on the final film
                      morphology becomes essential. This work investigates this
                      influence for three pH values: pH 7, pH 5, i.e., close to
                      the isoelectric point of β-lg, and pH 2. Spray coating, a
                      method of industrial relevance, is used to fabricate
                      biohybrid β-lg:TiBALDh foam-like films. The obtained films
                      are calcined to combust biotemplate β-lg and achieve
                      nanostructured titania films. To understand the influence of
                      pH on the film morphology, grazing-incidence small-angle and
                      wide-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS) and
                      grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS),
                      in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are
                      applied to both the biohybrid and biotemplated titania
                      films. With these techniques, information about domain
                      sizes, porosity, and crystal structure is obtained with high
                      statistical significance. Fourier-transform infrared
                      spectroscopy (FTIR) probes the interaction of TiBALDh and
                      β-lg on the molecular level as a function of pH. The
                      results underline pH as a suitable tool for tuning the
                      morphology in biotemplated titania films.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-4 / MLZ},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-4-20201012 / I:(DE-588b)4597118-3},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (FZJ)
                      (POF4-6G4) / 632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and
                      Functional Materials (POF4-632)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G4 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)MARIA-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1021/jacsau.5c00097},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1049987},
}