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@ARTICLE{Kostyurina:1049991,
      author       = {Kostyurina, Ekaterina and Biehl, Ralf and Kruteva,
                      Margarita and Koutsioumpas, Alexandros and Frielinghaus,
                      Henrich and Yepuri, Nageshwar Rao and Förster, Stephan and
                      Allgaier, Jürgen},
      title        = {{E}xploring the {L}imits of {P}assive {M}acromolecular
                      {T}ranslocation through {P}hospholipid {M}embranes},
      journal      = {Biomacromolecules},
      volume       = {26},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1525-7797},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-05705},
      pages        = {6917 - 6926},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Transportation of active macromolecules through cell
                      membranes is an essential biological process. However, for
                      hydrophilic macromolecules, the hydrophobic interior of
                      lipid bilayers suppresses the passive translocation, and
                      there are only few cases reported. We use alternating
                      amphiphilic polymers (AAPs) in which the sizes of the
                      hydrophilic and hydrophobic units can be varied over a broad
                      range, keeping the polymers water-soluble. For small units,
                      the macromolecules show a homopolymer-like character. Pulse
                      field gradient NMR and neutron reflectivity measurements
                      show that the chains have a high solubility in the membrane
                      hydrophobic interior that allows the chains to passively
                      translocate. Increasing the length of the hydrophilic units
                      leads to more polar AAPs with low membrane solubility and a
                      reduced translocation speed. If hydrophilic and hydrophobic
                      moieties are increased in size, the AAPs have a strong
                      amphiphilic character and adsorb to lipid membranes only
                      with their hydrophobic units, have a high membrane
                      concentration, and have an overall fast translocation
                      kinetics.},
      cin          = {JCNS-1 / JCNS-4 / JCNS-FRM-II},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-4-20201012 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (FZJ)
                      (POF4-6G4) / 632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and
                      Functional Materials (POF4-632)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G4 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)MARIA-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.biomac.5c01234},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1049991},
}