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@ARTICLE{Chang:1050000,
      author       = {Chang, Zhixiong and Osman, Naweed and Doll, Carolin Martha
                      and Lichtenstein, Theresa Katharina and Rosen, Marlene and
                      Meisenzahl, Eva and Kadel, Hanna and Kambeitz, Joseph and
                      Vogeley, Kai and Schultze-Lutter, Frauke},
      title        = {{D}o coping strategies mediate the effects of childhood
                      adversities and traumata on clinical high-risk of psychosis,
                      depression, and social phobia? {A} cross-sectional study on
                      patients of an early detection service},
      journal      = {BMC psychiatry},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1471-244X},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-05714},
      pages        = {21},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by
                      Projekt DEAL. Part of the data curation was supported by a
                      grant from the Koeln Fortune Program/Faculty of Medicine,
                      University of Cologne (April 2005 to October 2007) to Dr.
                      Schultze-Lutter. The funder had no role in the analyses of
                      data and interpretation of results. Dr. Lichtenstein was
                      supported by the Koeln Fortune Program/ Faculty of Medicine,
                      University of Cologne (No 370/2020).},
      abstract     = {AbstractBackground: Childhood adversities and traumata
                      (CAT) increase the risk for various mental disorders,
                      including the clinical high-risk of psychosis (CHR-P) state
                      and its main comorbidities, i.e., depression, and social
                      phobia. However, these relations are likely mediated by
                      personal coping behaviors. This cross-sectional study
                      investigates the relationships between the main CAT domains,
                      coping, CHR-P, depression, and social phobia.Methods: Using
                      path analyses, we analyzed data of 736 patients (mean age 24
                      years, $67\%$ male) who presented at an early detection
                      service between 2002 and 2013, answered questionnaires on
                      CAT, coping, depressiveness, and social phobia, and
                      underwent clinical examination for CHR-P according to the
                      recommendations of the Guidance project of the European
                      Psychiatric Association.Results: All path models (total
                      sample, males and females) showed good to excellent fit to
                      the data. In all models, higher scores on maladaptive coping
                      mediated the negative effect of emotional abuse on mental
                      health outcomes. Additionally, in the total sample and
                      males, lower scores on adaptive coping mediated the negative
                      effect of emotional abuse and neglect, and physical neglect
                      was associated with lower scores on adaptive coping that, in
                      turn, were linked to depression and social phobia but not
                      CHR-P. Overall, effects of maladaptive coping were higher
                      than those of adaptive coping, although adaptive coping was
                      more diversely associated with CAT. Furthermore, the
                      interrelated depression and social phobia were more widely
                      explained by the models than CHR-P, which was not
                      significantly associated with them.Conclusions: Our findings
                      underscore the complex interplay of the CAT domains and
                      their relevant mediators with mental health outcomes that
                      likely reflect underlying sex-specific psychological,
                      social, cultural and neurobiological mechanisms. Supporting
                      a broader view on CAT than the traditional focus on sexual
                      abuse, results indicate an important role of emotional abuse
                      that, descriptively, is most strongly mediated by
                      maladaptive coping strategies on mental health outcomes. A
                      detailed understanding of the effects of CAT will in future
                      help to develop a multi-dimensional, holistic and
                      sex-specific approach to the treatment of patients who have
                      experienced CAT.Trial registration: The study was registered
                      in the German Clinical Trial Register ( https://drks.de/ )
                      as DRKS00024469 at 02/24/2021.Keywords: Childhood adversity
                      and trauma; Clinical high-risk; Coping; Depression;
                      Mediation; Social phobia.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1186/s12888-024-06435-2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1050000},
}