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@ARTICLE{Orbe:1050002,
      author       = {Orbe, Ulises and Hogendoorn, Hinze and Bode, Stefan and
                      Fink, Gereon R. and Weidner, Ralph and Vossel, Simone},
      title        = {{L}oad-dependent processing of prediction violations in
                      task-irrelevant space},
      journal      = {Journal of vision},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {1534-7362},
      address      = {Rockville, Md.},
      publisher    = {ARVO},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-05716},
      pages        = {6 -},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,
                      German Research Foundation) (Project- ID431549029—SFB
                      1451). Open access publication wasfunded by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG, German Research Foundation) –
                      491111487.The funders have/had no role in the decision to
                      publishor preparation of the manuscript. We are grateful
                      toour colleagues from the Institute of Neuroscience
                      andMedicine for many valuable discussions.Commercial
                      relationships: none.Corresponding author: Ulises Orbe.Email:
                      u.orbe.arteaga@fz-juelich.de.Address: Cognitive
                      Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscienceand Medicine (INM-3),
                      ForschungszentrumJülich, Jülich 52425, Germany.*RW and SV
                      contributed equally.},
      abstract     = {Attentive and predictive mechanisms crucially shape
                      perception, but the interplay between these fundamental
                      processes remains poorly understood. Studies on interactions
                      between attention and prediction have yielded discrepant
                      results, potentially because of differences in task demands.
                      The present study examined whether the perceptual load
                      (i.e., task difficulty) affects predictive processing in
                      task-relevant and task-irrelevant hemifields. To this end,
                      we developed a novel delayed match-to-reference task that
                      orthogonally manipulated task-relevance, prediction, and
                      perceptual load. We hypothesized that a low-load condition
                      should facilitate the processing of prediction violations
                      (oddball effects) in task-irrelevant space because of the
                      availability of spare processing resources. We analyzed
                      accuracy and response time (RT) data from 28 healthy young
                      participants with separate repeated measures analyses of
                      variance. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the
                      load manipulation because a high perceptual load
                      significantly increased RTs and decreased accuracy. Notably,
                      the accuracy analysis yielded a significant three-way
                      interaction between task-relevance, prediction, and load.
                      Post-hoc tests revealed that load modulated the processing
                      of prediction violations in the task-irrelevant hemifield.
                      Importantly, the prediction violation, induced by a
                      low-frequency and task-irrelevant feature (orientation),
                      reduced accuracy in the low-load but not in the high-load
                      condition. This finding suggests that predictive processing
                      in task-irrelevant space is contingent on the availability
                      of processing resources, with high perceptual load
                      inhibiting the processing of unexpected events in
                      task-irrelevant regions. The present study shows that load
                      is a crucial factor in the interaction between
                      task-relevance and prediction.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525) / DFG project G:(GEPRIS)431549029 - SFB 1451:
                      Schlüsselmechanismen normaler und krankheitsbedingt
                      gestörter motorischer Kontrolle (431549029)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251 / G:(GEPRIS)431549029},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1167/jov.25.14.6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1050002},
}