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@ARTICLE{Dande:1050197,
      author       = {Dande, Chandra Sekhar Charan and Carta, Daniele and
                      Gümrükcü, Erdem and Rakhshani, Elyas and Acosta Gil,
                      Andres and Manuel, Nithin and Lucas, Alexandre and Benigni,
                      Andrea and Monti, Antonello},
      title        = {{A}n {IEEE} 2030.5-{B}ased {L}egacy {P}rotocol {C}onverter
                      for {I}nteroperable {DER} {I}ntegration},
      journal      = {IEEE access},
      volume       = {13},
      issn         = {2169-3536},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00015},
      pages        = {214889 - 214903},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Interoperability among diverse devices, from traditional
                      substation control rooms to modern inverters managing
                      components like Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), is a
                      primary challenge in modern power systems. It is essential
                      for streamlining decision-making and control processes
                      through effective communication, ultimately enhancing energy
                      management efficiency. This paper introduces the open-source
                      Legacy Protocol Converter (LPC) grounded in the IEEE 2030.5
                      standard, which incorporates advanced features for improved
                      adaptability. The LPC bridges legacy equipment using
                      standard protocols such as Message Queuing Telemetry
                      Transport (MQTT) and Modbus with a light-weight asynchronous
                      Neural Autonomic Transport System (NATS) communication
                      system. In light of the limitations inherent in traditional
                      synchronous RESTful systems—specifically those compliant
                      with IEEE 2030.5 that are incapable of facilitating multiple
                      endpoints—the adoption of asynchronous NATS is
                      implemented. This approach can notably enhance communication
                      flexibility and performance. The implementation is
                      containerized for efficient service orchestration and
                      supports the reusability of solutions. The LPC is engineered
                      for seamless integration of DERs with Energy Management
                      System (EMS), aggregation platforms, and
                      Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing environments. In this
                      paper, the LPC has been tested and further developed in
                      various use cases such as multi-physics optimization
                      involving HIL and fast frequency services, e.g., virtual
                      inertia and load shedding, each in a different architectural
                      setup. The findings validate the applicability of LPC not
                      only for devices within modern power systems, but also for
                      heat pumps in the thermal energy sector, facilitating sector
                      coupling. Moreover, the paper provides additional insights
                      into LPC’s functionality, reaffirming its efficacy as a
                      scalable, robust, and user-friendly solution for bridging
                      legacy systems through the enhanced IEEE 2030.5 standard
                      designed for the monitoring and control of DERs.},
      cin          = {ICE-1},
      ddc          = {621.3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {1121 - Digitalization and Systems Technology for
                      Flexibility Solutions (POF4-112) / 1122 - Design, Operation
                      and Digitalization of the Future Energy Grids (POF4-112) /
                      1123 - Smart Areas and Research Platforms (POF4-112) /
                      INTERSTORE - Interoperable opeN-source Tools to Enable
                      hybRidisation, utiliSation, and moneTisation of stORage
                      flExibility (101096511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1121 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1123 / G:(EU-Grant)101096511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3646592},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1050197},
}