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@ARTICLE{Li:1050198,
      author       = {Li, Chuan and Carta, Daniele and De Din, Edoardo and
                      Benigni, Andrea},
      title        = {{MPC}-{B}ased {M}ultifunctional {V}2{G} {O}peration in
                      {M}ultienergy {S}ystems},
      journal      = {IEEE open journal of the Industrial Electronics Society},
      volume       = {7},
      issn         = {2644-1284},
      address      = {[New York, NY]},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00016},
      pages        = {28 - 41},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {This article presents an operational strategy for
                      Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capable charging stations in
                      multienergy systems (MESs). We present a novel
                      model-predictive control (MPC) formulation based on the
                      operation of four-quadrant charging stations and the
                      behavior of electric vehicle drivers. The presented approach
                      enables V2G capable charging units to serve multiple
                      functions, including voltage regulation, power loss
                      reduction, and MES energy management. Thus, the proposed MPC
                      approach reduces violations of operational limits and
                      improves the efficient use of MES components, such as
                      photovoltaic systems and heat pumps. MPC with a V2G mode
                      regulator is implemented to ensure efficient real-time
                      operation of the MES. The proposed strategy is evaluated
                      using a realistic MES inspired by the Forschungszentrum
                      Jülich campus. Further tests conducted on a modified
                      version of the IEEE 123-bus system demonstrate the
                      scalability of the proposed V2G algorithm.},
      cin          = {ICE-1},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {1121 - Digitalization and Systems Technology for
                      Flexibility Solutions (POF4-112) / 1122 - Design, Operation
                      and Digitalization of the Future Energy Grids (POF4-112) /
                      1123 - Smart Areas and Research Platforms (POF4-112) /
                      LLEC::VxG - Integration von "Vehicle-to-grid"
                      (BMBF-03SF0628)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1121 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1123 / G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-03SF0628},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1109/OJIES.2025.3644913},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1050198},
}