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@ARTICLE{Zimbors:1050252,
      author       = {Zimborás, Zoltán and Portik, Attila and Aguirre, David
                      and Peña, Rubén and Svastits, Domonkos and Pályi, András
                      and Márton, Áron and Asbóth, János K. and Kockum, Anton
                      Frisk and Sanz, Mikel and Kálmán, Orsolya and Monz, Thomas
                      and Wilhelm-Mauch, Frank},
      title        = {{T}he {EU} {Q}uantum {F}lagship's {K}ey {P}erformance
                      {I}ndicators for {Q}uantum {C}omputing},
      publisher    = {arXiv},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00064, 2512.19653},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {As quantum processors continue to scale in size and
                      complexity, the need for well-defined, reproducible, and
                      technology-agnostic performance metrics becomes increasingly
                      critical. Here we present a suite of scalable quantum
                      computing benchmarks developed as key performance indicators
                      (KPIs) within the EU Quantum Flagship. These proposed
                      benchmarks are designed to assess holistic system
                      performance rather than isolated components, and to remain
                      applicable across both noisy intermediate-scale quantum
                      (NISQ) devices and future fault-tolerant architectures. We
                      introduce four core benchmarks addressing complementary
                      aspects of quantum computing capability: large multi-qubit
                      circuit execution via a Clifford Volume benchmark, scalable
                      multipartite entanglement generation through GHZ-state
                      preparation, a benchmark based on the application of Shor's
                      period-finding subroutine to simple functions, and a
                      protocol quantifying the benefit of quantum error correction
                      using Bell states. Each benchmark is accompanied by clearly
                      specified protocols, reporting standards, and scalable
                      evaluation methods. Together, these KPIs provide a coherent
                      framework for transparent and fair performance assessment
                      across quantum hardware platforms and for tracking progress
                      late-NISQ toward early fault-tolerant quantum computation.},
      keywords     = {Quantum Physics (quant-ph) (Other) / FOS: Physical sciences
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {PGI-12 / PGI-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-12-20200716 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-2-20110106},
      pnm          = {5221 - Advanced Solid-State Qubits and Qubit Systems
                      (POF4-522) / OpenSuperQPlus100 - Open Superconducting
                      Quantum Computers (OpenSuperQPlus) (101113946) / SPINUS -
                      Spin based quantum computer and simulator (101135699) /
                      MILLENION - Modular Industrial Large-scaLE quaNtum computing
                      with trapped IONs (101080097)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5221 / G:(EU-Grant)101113946 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)101135699 / G:(EU-Grant)101080097},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      doi          = {10.48550/ARXIV.2512.19653},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1050252},
}