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@INPROCEEDINGS{Durmus:1050304,
      author       = {Durmus, Yasin Emre and Kungl, Hans and Tempel, Hermann and
                      Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{B}oosting {Z}inc {A}node {A}ctivity in {N}ear-{N}eutral
                      {Z}inc-{A}ir {B}atteries {T}hrough {EDTA} {E}lectrolyte
                      {A}dditive},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-00114},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Metal-air batteries are emerging as a promising
                      electrochemical energy storage technology, offering high
                      theoretical energy densities and relying on cost-effective,
                      safe, and abundant active materials. Among them, zinc-based
                      metal-air batteries stand out for both primary and secondary
                      applications. While primary zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are
                      already commercially available for various uses, secondary
                      ZABs face significant challenges, especially in alkaline
                      environments. One potential solution is the use of aqueous
                      neutral electrolytes, which help mitigate issues like
                      electrolyte carbonization and dendrite formation. However,
                      despite these advantages, neutral-electrolyte ZABs still
                      struggle with performance limitations due to zinc surface
                      passivation, the formation of insoluble zinc species, and
                      corrosion.This study investigates the effect of
                      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an electrolyte
                      additive on the performance of near-neutral secondary Zn-air
                      batteries. The electrochemical behavior of Zn electrodes was
                      analyzed in a 2M NaCl solution (pH 10) with and without
                      EDTA. Open-circuit and potentiodynamic polarization
                      experiments were first conducted to assess the corrosion
                      parameters of Zn electrodes. Intermediate-term (24-hour)
                      discharge experiments were then performed in a
                      three-electrode cell setup under various current densities.
                      The results indicated that in pure 2M NaCl electrolytes, Zn
                      exhibited only partial activity, with discharge occurring
                      primarily due to localized pitting. In contrast, the
                      electrolyte containing EDTA enabled full Zn activity and
                      significantly higher discharge potentials, highlighting its
                      effectiveness in enhancing electrochemical performance.To
                      further examine the dissolution behavior and discharge
                      products, the electrode surfaces were analyzed using laser
                      scanning microscopy (LSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and
                      scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after discharge
                      experiments. Additionally, the performance of full-cell
                      Zn-air batteries was evaluated through galvanostatic
                      discharge experiments (in primary mode) lasting up to 930
                      hours, achieving specific energies of up to 840 Wh/kgZn, and
                      through galvanostatic cycling experiments (in secondary
                      mode) lasting up to 575 hours with 70 cycles. The inclusion
                      of EDTA in the electrolyte significantly improved specific
                      energies and mass utilization efficiencies compared to pure
                      electrolytes, demonstrating its potential as a promising
                      additive for enhancing near-neutral Zn-air battery
                      performance.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2025-09-07},
      organization  = {76th Annual Meeting of the
                       International Society of
                       Electrochemistry, Mainz (Germany), 7
                       Sep 2025 - 12 Sep 2025},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IET-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / BMBF 03SF0627B
                      - Verbundvorhaben iNEW2.0: In iNEW (Inkubator Nachhaltige
                      Elektrochemische Wertschöpfungsketten) werden neuartige und
                      leistungsfähige Elektrolyseverfahren zur Anwendung in
                      nachhaltigen Power-to-X Wertschöpfungsketten erforscht und
                      entwickelt (03SF0627B)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(BMBF)03SF0627B},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1050304},
}